Evaluation And Breeding Utilization Of The Introduced Barley Germplasms

As the fourth largest crop in the world, barley(Hordeum vulgare) play roles in the feed, food eating, beer brewing, health care and so on. With the rapid development of China’s beer industry, the demand for barley is rising, but the yield in our country is far less than required amounts and so China imports amount of foreign barley every year, which suggest it is important for our country to breed barley with high yield and good quality to increase production and productivity of barley. Germplasm is not only the basis for breeding, but also is an important material for biological research. Strengthening the evaluation and identification of barley, and obtaining excellent materials, is important for the use of barley breeding.The study of this article is to make investigation for 9 main agronomic traits of the introduced 300 accessions of worldwide cultivated barley and 93 strains belong to 6 populations of wild barley originated from Middle East in 2013 to 2014 year. The traits include plant height, spike length, grain number per spike, awn length, node length under spike, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, spikes number per plant and 1000-grain weight. The mathematical statistics such as variance analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and so on, were used for analysis of the data from the investigation, which is used to identify germplasms that have single or multiple good traits and explain the correlationships between traits. This research will provide a basis for the selection and breeding of improved varieties; By comparing agronomic traits of wild barley and cultivated barley, the unique characteristics of the traits for wild barley were clarified; the wild barley is important genetic resources for improving cultivated barley. The results are as follows:1. By analysis of testing main agronomic traits of all introduced barley, we obtain two dwarf materials of cultivated barley, 36 semi-dwarf type cultivated barley materials and 26 dwarf type wild materials, 103 long spike length of cultivated barley materials, 52 cultivated materials with high grain numbers per spike, 8 cultivars and 25 accessions of wild materials with high spikes numbers per plant, 42 wild materials with long length awn, 7 cultivated materials and 23 wild materials with large grain. These materials are important source of parental and will play roles in variety improvement and new cultivars. The comparative study of different rowed cultivated materials and wild and cultivated barley were performed, and the results showed that dwarf materials are mainly distributed in two rowed barley, few in six rowed barley; Compared with cultivated barley, the wild barley tends to growing short, and dwarf type accounted for 27.96% in the test of 93 materials, while cultivated is less than 1%, and the dwarf wild barley resources has important significance in breeding; For spikes numbers per plant, high number of spike ratio of wild materials(26.88%) was more than the cultivated material(2.67%); For the awn length, the awn length of wild materials more than 15cm(45.16%) was higher than the proportion of cultivated materials(2.67%), and wild material has great potential in increasing tillering ability and awn length of the cultivated barley.2. To compare main agronomic traits differences of different rowed cultivated barley, the different populations of wild barley and between cultivated barley and wild barley, one-way ANOVA was used, and the results indicated that the plant height, spike length, grain number per spike and node length under spike, flag leaf width, spike number per plant, and 1000 grain weight of 7 quantitative traits have significant difference between different rowed cultivated barley; In plant height, spike length, awn length, node length under spike, flag leaf length, spike number per plant, 1000 grain weight of 7 quantitative characters showed significant differences between different populations of wild barley. There is also existed significant difference in all the test of 9 agronomic traits including plant height, spike length, grain number per spike and node length under spike, flag leaf width, flag leaf length and 1000 grain weight between cultivated barley and wild barley.3. Correlation analysis of main agronomic traits. The results showed that there have significant positive correlation between the plant height and node length under spike and grain number per spike, between spike length and grain number per spike, between awn length and flag leaf width and between flag leaf length and flag leaf width for both cultivated barley and wild barley. We also found some agronomic traits correlations differences between different rowed barley and cultivated and wild barley. There is no significant correlation for six rowed cultivated barley between the plant height and spike number per plant, but have significant correlation between the plant height and 1000 grain weight; There have no significant correlation for six rowed cultivated barley between the spike length, grains per spike, awn length and node length under spike, between node length under spike and flag leaf length, between flag leaf width and spike number per plant, while all these significant correlation exist in two-rowed materials. When compared wild barley with cultivated barley, there have significant positive correlation between spike number per plant and plant height, grain number, node length under spike, and significant negative correlation between awn length and grain number, spike number per plant.4. Principal component analysis. Four principal components were found in 2 rowed cultivated barely and the accumulative contribution rate accounts for 69.1601%; In six rowed cultivated barley, we got three principal components and the accumulative contribution rate accounts for 63.5604%; For wild barley, we obtain four principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate up to 76.323%. All principal components involved of all the barley are related to plant height and spike traits.