| The intensive livestock production systems in China produce a huge number of wastes without enough agricultural land for their direct application as organic fertilizers, which leads to serious environmental pollution. At the same time, not only did chemical fertilizers abuse destroy the structure of soil and debased the quality of crops, but brought about crop diseases. To solve these problems, this thesis focuses on microbial organic fertilizer of swine manure that can prevent diseases.Swine manure and withered grass were used as main materials to set up static aerobic composting systems in this thesis. After it was thoroughly mature, the microbial antagonism agent of wheat sharp eyespot was inoculated and microbial organic fertilizer was obtained. Then, the research was focused on the wheat growth and the prevention of wheat sharp eyespot. Major work can be divided into three parts:(1) 13 dominant strains were isolated from the fresh swine manure, among which 5 strains of dominant bacteria that had inhibitory effect on wheat sharp eyeshot were screened at 37℃. By the sequence alignment and physiological and biochemical characteristic analysis, the results indicated that X-1, X-2 and X-3, X-4, X-5 were Bacillus flexus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, and Paenibacillus sp. respectively. The antagonism agent of wheat sharp eyespot consist of the 5 strains was called ABTNL02.(2) Set up static aerobic composting and inoculate the microbial inoculants ABTNL01 stored in our laboratory. The temperature of composting rose to 55 ℃ and maintained for 7 days, which has met the national standards of harmlessness. After 60-day composing process, the odor of the composting disappeared gradually so as not to attract flies, the ratio of C/N had decreased from 25 to 9.8 and NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio decreased to 0.10; the germination index increased from 15% to over 90%. These results indicated that the composting was mature. Inoculated with ABTNL02, the microbial organic fertilizer was called BIO01. According to the test, the organic matter content, total nutrient and moisture content were 47.3%,6.6%,23.0%; effective bacteria was 5×108 CFU·g-1; pH was 7.8. All kinds of indexes have reached the certifiable technical requirement of microbial organic fertilizer (NY 884-2012). (3) BIO01 was applied and its effect on the growth of wheat and prevention of wheat sharp eyespot had been investigated. The pot experiment of wheat indicated that the application of BIO01 could increase the indexes of wheat’s height, dry weight, chlorophyll, soluble reducting sugars and soluble proteins significantly, which indicated that BIO01 could promote the growth of wheat. However, with the increasing of dosage of BIO01, the trend of wheat’s indexes appeared to rise first and then fall. When the dosage of BIO01 was 15 t·hm-2, the growth of wheat was restrained. And the optimum amount of BIO01 was 10 t·hm-2. At this dose, most indexes were superior to other dosage groups and the control group of organic fertilizer. In the other pot experiment, the prevention rate of wheat sharp eyespot reached to 77.1% which was 42.3% higher than the control group of organic fertilizer.This research successfully produced a kind of swine manure microbial organic fertilizer preventing wheat sharp eyespot, and provided experimental basis for the research and application of multifunctional microbial organic fertilizer. Microbial organic fertilizer can partly replace the usage of chemical fertilizer so as to promote the soil structure, control the diseases of plant, and develop the quality of crop as well as to reduce the burden of ecological environment in breeding industry wastes, and finally make contributions to the sustainable development of national agriculture and breeding industry. |
PDF Full Text Request