Research On Crop Straw Resource And Its Utilization In Hilly Area Of Central Sichuan Basin

China is a traditional agricultural country, and the straw resource is huge.Rationalutilization of straw resource will obtain good economic, ecological and social benefits. This article takes Anyue Countyinhilly area of central Sichuan basin as an example. Use farmland observation method, model estimation method, and field visit method to estimate crop straw resource’s amount, the density of straw, and the major crop straw resource’s amount and density. Analyze straw resource’s dynamic changeof Anyue County in 2008 ~ 2012. Estimate the straw resource’s amount of spring-sown crops and autumn-sown crops in Anyue, and analyze its dynamic change. Analyze the regional difference of straw resource in Anyue County. Summing up main ways of the utilization, estimate collectable amount, and evaluate the theoretical efficiency of straw resource utilization. Analyze the current problems of straw resource utilization in Anyue County, and put forward measures to rational use straw resource. The conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2008 to 2012, the average straw resources’ amount is 581500 tons in Anyue County, and the total density is 6240.49 kg/hm2.Recent five years, straw resources’ amount and the density of straw is slightly rise, and its interannual variation is small. Crop straw resources mainly are spring-sown crops in Anyue(accounts for 55.99%). The spring-sown crops are increase, and autumn-sown crops straw resource’s amount fluctuates slightly.(2)Five kinds of main crop straws’ average amount of straw resources in Anyue County during 2008~2012 as follows: rice>corn>rape>wheat>sweet potato. Rice straw resource is the largest(accounts for 29.60%), corn, rape and wheat straw resource slightly less(respectively accounts for 24.43%, 22.80% and 21.22%), and sweet potato straw resource is the least(accounted for only 1.96%).The density of five main crop strawsortingis: rape > corn > rice > wheat > sweet potatoes.Among them, therape straw densityis the highest,and sweet potato stalk density is the lowest. All kinds of crop straw resources’ amount and density have interannual variations. From big to small,the major crop straw resources dynamic change order is: corn > rape > wheat > rice > sweet potatoes. The major crop straw resource density change from big to small order is: wheat > rape > corn > rice > sweet potatoes.(3)During 2008 and 2012, the regional difference of crop straw density in Anyue Countyis large. In the 69 villages and towns, Wenhua Town has the largestdensity(8308.08 kg/hm2), and Tianbao Town has the smallest density(5161.89 kg/hm2). The regional difference of the proportion of spring-sown crop straw amount is large. In the 69 villages and towns, Maojia Town has the largest proportion of spring-sown crop straw(72.81%), and Tongxian Townhas the smallest proportion(44.80%). The average densities of the five major crop straw resources have big regional differences. The difference-value of straw resource average density between maximum and minimum towns from big to small in proper orderare: rape > corn > rice > wheat > sweet potatoes, and times-difference from big to small order are: corn > sweet potato > rape > rice > wheat.(4)The main ways of crop straw resource utilization in Anyue County give priority to straw application and straw feed, and the second is edible fungus cultivation and biogas production. There are few straw resources used as industrial material, and there is no straw apply to power generation projects. From 2008 to 2012, the average collectable amount is 446900 tons, accounting for 76.85% of the total. From 2008 to 2012, average theoretical economic benefit of straw fertilizer is 61.6659 million, and average theoretical economic benefit of straw energy is 75.0917 million. Straw paper has significant economic benefits, but pollution is serious. The average theoretical economic benefit of straw edible fungus is 10.8 billion. The theoretical pollutant emission of straw burning is 725830 tons.(5) Utilization problems in Anyue mainly include: utilization rate is low; Ways of utilization are extensive, and efficiency is low; Technology is outdated, and conversion rate is low; Environmental pollution is serious; Industrialization level is low, and so on. Rational utilization measures of straw resource include: Enhance public awareness and improve the utilization rate of straw resource; Popularize the technology of straw comprehensive utilization, and improve the conversion rate of straw; Optimize the ways of straw utilization, and improve the utilization efficiency of the straw; Improve the level of straw industrialization; Ban straw burning, and protect the ecological environment; Set favorable policies for comprehensive utilization, etc.