Regulation Of Flavones Of Sea Buckthorn On Intramuscular Fat Deposition In Broilers

The paper was conducted to research regulation of flavones of sea buckthorn on intramuscular fat deposition in broilers by 3 trials. Firstly, we evaluated the effects of different kinds and levels of feed additives on growth performance, carcass traits, deposition and composition of intramuscular fat of broilers; accordingly, screened out the optimal additive and its level(0.10% flavones of sea buckthorn). Then two experiments were conducted to study the effects of the additive chosen from prior experiment on rules of intramuscular fat deposition and its mechanism, and meat quality of broiler’s meat as well.Experiment 1 Six hundred 1-day-old AA male broilers were selected and randomly allocated into 10 groups with 6 replicates of 10 broilers in each. The diets included basal diet and test diets added with flavones of sea buckthorn(0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%), betaine(0.05%, 0.10%, 0.20%) or glutamine(0.40%, 0.80%, 1.20%) in basal diet. The experiment lasted for 42 days. On d 42, blood, breast and thigh muscles were collected for analysis after being butchered. The results indicated that:(1) Compared with control group, the average daily gain and body weight of broilers significantly increased in 0.10% flavones of sea buckthorn, 0.20% betaine and 0.80% glutamine groups(P<0.05).(2) Feed additive supplementation groups had lower abdominal fat percentage(P<0.05) with the exception of 0.40% and 1.20% glutamine supplementation groups(P<0.05).(3) Intramuscular fat contents of breast and thigh meats in 0.10% flavones of sea buckthorn, 0.10% betaine and 0.40% glutamine groups were significantly improved, especially, intramuscular fat contents in breast meats were raised by 51.33%, 46.52%, 48.53%; fatty acids composition was also improved, especially monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids(P<0.05). Above all, we chose natural feed additive, 0.10% flavones of sea buckthorn as experimental material to conduct next experiments.Experiment 2 Two hundred and forty 1-day-old AA male broilers were selected and randomly allocated into 2 groups with 6 replicates of 20 broilers in each. The diets were formulated by basal diet or adding 0.10% flavones of sea buckthorn in basal diet. The experiment lasted for 42 days. On d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42, blood, breast and thigh muscles were sampled for analysis. The results indicated that:(1) During prior period of growth, intramuscular fat contents in breast and thigh muscles appeared V trend, higher on d 7, decreased on d 14, increased on d 21, however, up trend for that in breast muscle and down trend for thigh muscle during later period. Thigh muscle had higher intramuscular fat than breast muscle. Flavones of sea buckthorn significantly improved intramuscular fat in breast and thigh meats on d 28, 35, 42 and d 7, 14, respectively(P<0.05).(2) With increasing ages, the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum of broilers decreased gradually, and the level of very low-density lipoproteins increased gradually; flavones of sea buckthorn significantly decreased the level of triglyceride on d 42 and level of low-density lipoproteins on d 28, increased the level of high-density lipoproteins on d 28, 35 and the level of very low-density lipoproteins on d 14 and 42 in serum of broilers(P<0.05).(3) With increasing ages, the level of leptin in serum of broilers was basically stable and slightly higher on d 21 and 42; the level of insulin firstly increased, then was almost stable and a bit higher on d 42; the level of adiponectin was always stable at whole stage; flavones of sea buckthorn significantly raised level of leptin on d 14 and 35, level of insulin on d 7, 35, 42 and the level of adiponectin on d 42 in serum(P<0.05). All in all, with increasing ages, intramuscular fat deposition in breast and thigh muscles had a waving trend. The rules of leptin, insulin and triglyceride in serum of broilers were closely related to intramuscular fat deposition; flavones of sea buckthorn changed the level of triglyceride in serum through modulating levels of insulin and adiponectin, then regulated intramuscular fat deposition. The regulatory effect on intramuscular fat in breast muscle was more significant than thigh muscle, which indicated breast muscle was more sensitive to flavones of sea buckthorn. The discovery could contribute to provide new ideas for research on functional products of broilers.Experiment 3 One hundred and twenty 1-day-old AA male broilers were chosen and randomly allocated into 2 groups with 6 replicates of 10 broilers in each. The diets were formulated by basal diet and adding 0.10% flavones of sea buckthorn in basal diet. The experiment lasted for 42 days. On d 42, breast and thigh muscles were sampled to determine p H, drip loss, contents of inosiic acid and free amino acids. The results showed that: flavones of sea buckthorn signifcantly decreased p H45 min, p H24 h drip loss of breast and thigh muscles, increased contents of inosinic acid and free amino acids in breast and thigh meats(P<0.05), which indicated flavones of sea buckthorn could improve meat quality of broilers.Above all, 0.10% flavones of sea buckthorn changed the levels of triglyceride and very low-density lipoproteins in serum through modulating levels of insulin and adiponectin, then regulated intramuscular fat deposition, regulatory effect on intramuscular fat in breast muscle was more significant than thigh muscle. And it also could improve meat quality of broilers.