| Grape industry plays an important role in increasing farmers’ income and earning foreign exchange. In recent years, under the drive of interests, the traditional blind amounts of fertilizer and irrational fertilization way, reduced the fertilizer utilization ratio, caused huge waste of fertilizer, affected the yield and quality of the grapes, brought a series of environmental problems at the same time. Therefore, rational fertilization was the key to improve grape yield and quality. This research for Hebei main region grape cultivation in the General exists of traditional extensive fertilization way, and fertilization depth led to of fertilizer utilization low and the pollution problem, through field questionnaire survey, General main region to fertilization volume, and fertilization way, and fertilization depth mainly of fertilization status; and through different depth spring fertilization 15N-urea carried out field showed trace test, analysis grape tree body nitrogen pigment of absorption, and cumulative and distribution characteristics and soil body nitrogen pigment of migration law, Proven ability to enlist the effects of tree nutrient the main fertilizer and soil nutrient supply problems, to determine the fertilization of grape-growing. The main results of the study were as follows:(1)Grape-producing regions of Hebei Province survey found that major grape-growing Hebei and amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the proportion of input were unreasonable and major grain-producing areas in various ways of fertilization, fertilization the same way in the same production areas, no uniform way; three production areas were dominated by application, but fertilization depth without clear criteria, irrational fertilizing methods are widespread.(2)The 3 different fertilization depth, 20 cm in the middle of nitrogen fertilization vine body for maximum absorption and 15 N utilization efficiency is highest, tree each time the whole plant has the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency were 20 cm middle fertilization, respectively, 7.36%, 14.70%, 20.24% and 24.54%. Followed by surface applicator, 40 cm deep placement minimum. Different treatment of fertilizer application depth of Red Earth tree body organs on 15N-utilization of urea revealed a trend of gradually increased with growing period over, where the organs were flowering minimum and maturity of the highest. 20 cm middle fertilization was conducive to the absorption of Red Globe tree on N, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen. 20 cm Middle fertilizer yield, thousand kernel weight, soluble solids, Vc and solid-acid ratios were highest, respectively: 1517.91kg/hm2, 13.41 kg, 16.9%, 11.72mg/100 g and 28.7%, which yield and thousand kernel weight and Vc were significantly higher than those of the conventional fertilization, surface applicator and 40 cm deep fertilization; namely 20 cm Middle yield optimal fertilization of Red Earth was the best quality.(3) In each period 20 cm Middle-fertilizer flowering 0-100 cm were lowest content of soil nitrate-n. This was because the Middle more appropriate fertilizer application depth 0-100 cm of soil nitrate nitrogen content was decreased, after dressing the tree body capable of absorption and utilization of nitrogen in the soil, thus reducing the residual soil nitrogen and get moving.Three fertilization depth, 30 cm and 60 cm depth soil solution nitrate nitrogen content over the growth period showed decreasing trend; 90 cm soil layer in the whole growth period of 40 cm deep fertilization content were the highest, for tree growth and development needs of a large number of leaching, resulting in loss of nitrogen and mulching and middle fertilization treatment content is low, to mature stage of middle fertilization was the lowest.This showed that the 20 cm depth of middle fertilization are conducive to the root of the tree body of nitrogen in the soil solution absorption and utilization, in sufficient supply of tree growth based on the nitrogen demand of effective reduce the leaching of nitrate nitrogen in soil, decrease the loss of N, utilization rate was increased.(4)The vines at different times had a different demand for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and identical trees absorb different amounts of each element. During the same period, different fertilization depth grape on nitrogen pigment of absorption volume were different, four a period were to 20 cm Middle fertilization whole strains tree body nitrogen pigment absorption volume Supreme, each period respectively reached: 61.61, and 96.09, and 112.34 and 165.23g/strains, were significantly above surface applicator(41.36, and 70.43, and 91.34 and 119.30 g/strains) and 40 cm deep fertilization(48.26, and 77.60.102.71 and 137.66 g/strains); Four a period single strains grape tree body of sucking p volume respectively for: 14.14, and 18.40, 50.65 and 72.65 g, each period are exists significantly differences, from Sheng flowering to fruit inflated period tree body on p elements of demand gradually increased, Mong shoots period to fruit inflated period of demand maximum, up 32.25g/strains, fruit inflated period to maturity absorption volume for 22g/strains; from Sheng flowering to maturity grape tree body on potassium elements of absorption volume rendering increments trend, And the fruit starts ripening the highest volume, four growth stages were as follows: 48.24, 57.42, 88.18 and 164.96 g, 9.18, 30.76, 76.78g/strains respectively during the period. 20 cm middle fertilization treatment not only promoted the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in the tree, but also enhanced the absorption and utilization of the phosphorus and potassium in the grape tree.Expression of Red Globe grape tree of macronutrient demand order p; the sequence of demand in a number of other elements performance for Ca>Mg; of micronutrient demand order performance for Zn>Mn>Fe>Cu, equivalent to hundreds of kilograms of fruit nutrient uptake were: n 665.25 g, P 349.56 g, K 826.14 g, Fe 82.03 g, Mn 121.42, Cu 54.91. Zn 164.23 g, Ca 976.32 g, Mg 403.00 g, absorption ratio for 10.0:0.53:1.24:0.12:0.18:0.08:0.25:1.47:0.61.(5) The storage of fertilizer application depth on nitrogen in grape tree had a certain influence, 20 cm intermediate storage of nitrogen in fertilizer to trees; the distribution of fertilizer application depth on nitrogen storage there was no significant impact. Storage and redistribution of 15 N to regrow organs, mainly used in leaf and shoot growth of early growth, as growth duration progression, inflorescence and ear growth, gradually shifted to fruit, used to supply the growth distribution and potential of new organs increased with increasing age, late growth clusters > blade > ends.To sum up, the utilization rate of 15 N fertilizer application depth on tree different organs had significant effects of 15 N in tree was allocated among the various organs of the body had a certain impact, but for periods of each process was different and the effect was not significant. 20 cm the middle of fertilizer application depth increased the nitrogen absorption of tree and fruit, more conducive to the growth of fruit trees and reproductive 20 cm Middle fertilization could ensure red globe grape root on nitrogen uptake and utilization, effectively reducing nitrate contents in soil profile, reduction of nitrogen leaching losses. |
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