The Study Of Variety Diversity And Breeding Of Auricularia Auricula In QinBa Mountainous Area

With a high nutritional and medical value, as well as low-calories, Auricularia auricular is a kind of healthy and tasty food. With seven Auricularia auricular strains cultivated in Qinling-Bashan mountainous areas, this study aims at its diversity; The application of protoplast fusion technology, Ultraviolet mutagenesis protoplast technology and the optimization of plasma system case, fusion and the best condition of mutagenesis to guarantee the new cultivar breeding of Auricularia auricular; at the same time, the new cultivar breeding of Auricularia auricular are screened for cultivation generation material formula. The experimental results are as follows:1. Diversity Analysis of the main Auricularia auricula cultispecies in Qinba mountainous area.Auricularia auricula-judae 2, Auricularia auricula—judae 268, Auricularia auricula-judae Shennong A8, Auricularia auricula-judae Xinke, Auricularia attrictda-judae Qindan 4, Auricularia auricula-judae 97-2 and Auricularia auricula-judae 913 were inoculated in the cPDA culture medium, every two strains as a group, under the conditions of 28 ℃, 7-10 d. The results showed that the rivalry reaction among Auricularia auricular strains cultivated in Qinling-Bashan Mountain areas is the evidence of the existence of nuclear factor differences between them. Auricularia auricula-judae 2 and Auricularia auricula-judae HF-8(CQl68492) were clustered in the same branch, Auricularia auricula-judae 913 and Auricularia auricula-judae YBS-7(CQl68503) were clustered in the same branch, but the genetic relationship between Auricularia auricula-judae Shennong A8 and the Auricularia auriculala-judae 2 and Auricularia auricula-judae 913 were relatively alienativ. Auricltlaria auricula-judae 97-2, Auricularia auricula-judae NW482(EU520194), the Auricularia auricular-judae 268 and Auricldaria altricltla-judae NW491(EU520160)were clustered in the same branch. However, the genetic relationships among Auricularia auricula-judae Qindan 4,Auricularia auricula-judae 97-2, Auricularia auricula-judae 268 are relatively alienative. The genetic relationships among Auricularia auricula-judae Xinke,Auricularia auricula-judae 2, Auricularia auricula-judae 913 and Auricularia auricula-judae Shennong A8 were close.However,the relationships between Auricularia attrictda-judae 268, Auricularia attrictda-judae Qindan 4 and Auricularia auricula-judae 97-2 quite far.2. The optimum conditions of Auricularia auricular protoplasts and regeneration preparationThe best conditions for protoplast preparation of Auricularia auricula-judae Shennong A8 and Auricularia auricula-judae Qindan 4 in Qinba mountainous area were researched by Single variable method. After cultured for 7 d,the Auricularia auricular mycelium was treated with 0.5 mol/L mannitol as osmotic stabilizer, digested by 2.0% lywallzvme, then incubated in 30 ℃water for 3.5 h, and the total amount of released protoplasts reached 0.94×107/mL,1.44×107/mL in the two varieties respectively. The protoplast regeneration is influenced in the component of regeneration medium: RM1(200.0 g potatoes, 20.0 g glucose, 20.0 g Glucose, H2 O 1000.0 mL), RM2(200.0 g potatoes, 20.0 g glucose, 20.0 g Glucose, 3.0 g peptone, H2 O 1000.0 mL), RM3(200.0 g potatoes, 20.0 g glucose, 20.0 g Glucose, 3.0 g peptone, 5.0 g KH2PO4, H2 O 1000.0 mL),RM4(200.0 g potatoes, 20.0 g glucose, 20.0 g Glucose, 3.0 g peptone, 5.0 g KH2PO4, 3.0 g MgSO4·7H2O, 0.01 g VB1, H2 O 1000.0 mL), RM5(CPDA medium+109.3 g mannitol). Research shows that the selection of RM5 regeneration medium guarantees the highest regeneration rates.3. Research on the cultivar breeding of Auricularia auricularThe optimal dose of UV mutagenesis protoplast of Auricularia auricula-judae Qindan 4 in Qinba mountainous area was researched by Single variable method. Research shows that the new cultivar breeding of Auricularia auricula-judae YBZ4 is got under the conditions:15 W, 30 cm, 120-180 s, and its polysaccharide production is higher than Auricularia auricula-judae Qindan 4.4. The cultivation of Auricularia auricular.Auricularia auricula-judae Qindan 4 and fusant strains were cultivated in 3 kinds of cultivation generation formulations: formula one(mixed sawdust 80%, bran 12%, corn flour 5%, gypsum powder 1%); formula two(mixed sawdust 90%, bran 7%, soybean meal 2%, gypsum powder 2%, lime powder 0.5%); formula three(mixed sawdust 90%, bran 5%, soybean meal 5%, gypsum powder 1%, sugar 1%, KH2PO4 0.05%). It’s best cultivation generation formulations were researched by comparative method. Research shows that the time of mycelium germination and fruiting pattern of Auricularia auricula-judae Qindan 4 and fusant strains is short.