Study On The Fruit Traits Genetics Of Hybrid Offsprings And The Evaluation Of Superior Trees Of ’Lvling’ Walnut

In order to reveal the fruit traits genetic rules of hybird offsprings of ‘Lvling’walnut,five hybrid populations which were ‘Lvling’בLiaoningNO.1’、‘LiaoningNO.1’בLvling’、‘Lvling’בLvzao’、‘Lvzao’בLvling’、‘Lvling’בQingxiang’ were used as materials to study25fruit traits in Hebei Lvling Fruit Limited Company. The results were as follows.1. Among the variation coefficients of all the walnut fruit traits of the five hybrid combinations, the height of shell seal was the highest,‘Lvling’בLiaoningNO.1’、‘LiaoningNO.1’בLvling’、‘Lvling’בLvzao、’‘Lvzao’בLvling’、‘Lvling’בQingxiang’were respectively30.64%、29.42%、31.48%、34.21%、39.10%。The variation coefficients of fresh fruit weight, nut weight, kernel weight，shell thickness，height ofshell seal and diaphragm thickness of the ‘Lvling’בQingxiang’ were respectively17.24%、14.88%、14.88%、19.77%、39.10%、24.53%,those of the ‘Lvling’בLiaoningNO.1’ were respectively18.12%、18.38%、18.16%、26.07%、30.64%、25.95%,those ofthe ‘LiaoningNO.1’בLvling’ were respectively17.41%、18.88%、17.00%、20.87%、29.42%、22.65%，those of the ‘Lvling’בLvzao’ were respectively23.96%、17.52%、16.89%、21.35%、31.48%、21.49%and Those of the ‘Lvzao’בLvling’ were respectively20.31%、19.92%、18.44%、20.98%、34.21%、19.68%.2.The walnut nut traitsgenetic parameters among the hybrid combinations wereanalyzed, the heritabilities of shell seal height were the highest which were0.99～1.00,the heritabilities of fresh fruit width were the lowest which were0.04～0.75.3.Correlation analysis of walnut nuts morphological indexes of different hybridcombinations showed that there was very significant positive correlation between thekernel weight and fresh fruit weight, fresh fruit side diameter, nut weight, nut longitudinaldiameter, nut side diameter, and the correlation coefficients were respectively0.961,0.990,0.991,0.970,0.991, this indicateded that the five indexes have significant positive effectson kernel weight; there was significant positive correlation between the kernel weight andfresh fruit vertical diameter, fresh fruit transverse diameter, nut transverse diameter, thecorrelation coefficients were respectively0.933,0.954,0.995.4.The average fat contents of the hybird offsprings of the5hybrid combinations were64.34%~65.45%, the fat content of the hybird offsprings of ‘LiaoningNo.1’בLvling’ wasthe highest, which was65.36%; the average total protein contents of the hybird offsprings of the5hybrid combinations were19.23%~20.35%, the total protein content of thehybird offsprings of ‘Lvling’בLvzao’ was the highest, which was20.35%; the averagesoluble protein contents of the hybird offsprings of the5hybrid combinations were1.64%~2.14%, the soluble protein content of the hybird offsprings of ‘Lvzao’בLvling’ was thehighest, which was2.14%. Among the fruit quality traits, the variation coefficients ofsoluble protein contents of the hybird offsprings of the5hybrid combinations were allabove25%, the variation coefficient of the hybird offsprings of ‘Lvling’בQingxiang’ wasthe highest, which was39.57%. The variation coefficients of kernel total protein contentsof the hybird offsprings of each hybrid combination were14.32%~17.72%; those ofkernel fat contents were4.52%~7.71%, whose variation degree was lower.5. We screen the superior trees from372hybird offsprings according to the kernel fat and total protein contents, the screening criteria was that the kernel fat content more than68%and the kernel total protein content more than22%, as a result, we got16superior trees, those were1plant from ‘Lvling’בLiaoningNO.1’,6plants from ‘LiaoningNO.1’בLvling’,5plants from ‘Lvling’בLvzao’,3plants from ‘Lvzao’בLvling’ and1plant from ‘Lvling’בQingxiang’.6. Using Principal Component Analysis evaluated the nut weight, yield, the kernelrate, nut shell thickness, shell smoothness, kernel color, difficulty level to take the kernel,full kernel degree, oil content, total protein content and soluble protein content of the16plant screened. Four principal components represented78.014%of the original characterswere screened out, according to the formula obtained the value ofcomprehensive evaluation of all superior trees, the resuls show that the top eight werewest6north4,west6north71、west6north66、west6north76、west4south35、west1north68、west6north64、west5north51and their comprehensive evaluations values were3.40,2.50,2.09,1.70,1.45,1.38,0.18,0.10.7.The Application of grey Relational grade Analysis to study the index of the16superior trees which were screened according to the two purposes of the walnut, the resultsshow that the Direct Consumption walnut superior trees that the comprehensive charactersof CS1（west6north4）was the best, and closest to the "ideal cultivar"(r1=0.7430),followed byCS11（west5north51）(r11=0.7186)，the comprehensive characters of CS9（west2north107）had the largest differences with the "ideal cultivar"(r9=0.6320), those ofthe others were in the middle;The Processing Edible type walnut superior trees that thecomprehensive characters of theCS1（west6north4）were the best, and closest to the "idealcultivar"(r1=0.7340), followed by CS15（west6north76）(r15=0.6922), there was a largerdifferences of the correlation degree between CS6（west6north66)(r9=0.6177) and the"ideal cultivar", those of the others were in the middle.