Application Technology For Brassinosteroids And Biomass CO₂Enrichment In Vegetable Production And Pesticide Degradation

The facilities for developing vegetables industry in China increased rapidly in recent years, especially the areas expansion to the non-arable land including sand, gravel and desert, using soilless cultivation technology ways, which becomes an important pillar of agriculture. The recent increase of vegetables industry to the non-agricultural land plays vital role to enhancing the usages of soils, providing vegetables to the market and helping farmers to become rich economically. However, low productivity and bad quality caused by chill and low light stress and the safety of agricultural products caused by the abuse of pesticides are the key restrain factors for sustainable development of industry. This is also harmful for the human health and Eco-environmental Security. The high light intensity, largely in non-cultivated land leads to the potential loss in productivity to the northwest part of our country. On the other hand low temperature in winter and low CO2concentration in this area become important factors restraining the development of vegetables production. Accessing to the previous studies, using CO2enrichment by fermentation of agricultural organic wastes can enhance the CO2concentration consistently and maintain a range of concentration in the greenhouse. EBR improves plant photosynthesis, meanwhile it enhance the plant resistance to chill, low light stress and disease resistance. It also accelerates the degradation of pesticides in plant inside and helpful to reduce the pesticide residue. So it’s significant to apply and extend the CO2enrichment by fermentation of agricultural organic wastes technology and EBR application for the promoting of vegetable industry development, raising farmers’income and improving the quality of agricultural products in our country. This study applying and extending technology of CO2enrichment by fermentation of agricultural organic wastes and the technology focus on EBR improving photosynthesis in Jiuquan, Gansu, Wuzhong NingXia, Yinchuan Ningxia. Besides, the study uses cabbage, celery, Chinese green onion, lettuce growing in the plastic greenhouse with different BR spraying time to study and demonstrate the effect of pesticide residue reducing in Yuhang, Hangzhou. The results are as follows: 1.We find the main climate limiting factors for the productivity of sunlight greenhouse crops in non-cultivated land in northwestern part of China. Monitoring temperature, light intensity, humidity, CO2concentration long-term and systematically in two typical non-cultivated land greenhouses growing tomato and cucumber respectively. The data from November2012to June2013suggest the adequate lighting, the average intensity is32.69Klux; CO2concentration range from200μl/L to350μl/L and306μl/L in average. The average concentration is only220μl/L within the photosynthesis time (9:00-17:00). The average temperature in greenhouse is16.2℃. The last20days the temperature was below10℃, which is the below of required temperature for the growth of main cultivated vegetable crops. We conclude that non-cultivated land greenhouse in Jiuquan, Gansu with adequate light and optimal humidity but influenced by lack of CO2in greenhouse and the temperature lie under the required temperature need for normal plant growth.2.To apply and promoting technology of CO2enrichment by fermentation of agricultural organic wastes and EBR hormone in Jiuquan, Wuzhong non-cultivated land sunlight greenhouse and technology training for15times, more than300people involved. Demonstration of crops include tomato, eggplant, pepper, guard were conduct covering an area of2.06hm2. The test suggest that CO2enrichment by fermentation of agricultural organic wastes can maintain the CO2concentration between600-800μl/L, improve temperature1-2℃, increase production16.36%-35.89%, especially for the early production. EBR applications recover the loss by chilling stress to the plant effectively. The plant height was improved10-20cm, production was increased5.28%-27.60%, and harvesting time was advanced5-10days. Both of the two technology enhance the resistance of plant for disease. Besides, the technology affect zones in Lasa Tibet, Aketao, Towertown,Kuerle Xinjiang.3. We have studied the effectiveness of EBR in accelerating plant pesticide degradation. Use cabbage, celery, Chinese green onion, lettuce and Chinese chives treated with pesticides and pesticide degradation agent(PDA). Spray leaves with CPF(1000×), CHT (400×) and PDA(2000×) and pour root with carbofuran(1000×), phoxim(1000x). Spray PDA with same dosage in different ways to find out the best method for pesticide degradation. The result suggest that there is no difference spraying PDA before or after pesticide spraying or mixed in cabbage, celery pesticide degradation test of CHT. Vegetable with PDA treated one time about one week before vegetable harvesting reach the standard of food safety.