Studies On Changes Of Grape Growth And Fruit Quality Under Water Control Measure

In Anhui province, by the impact of high groundwater level and rainy season, soil moisture iscomplicated, especially in most of areas between Changjiang and Huaihe. Unreasonable watermanagement gives rise to poor-growth and serious grape diseases which restricted grape qualityimprovement. The comprehensive research has been conducted, including soil moisture change indifferent cultivation modes, the characteristics of growth and fruiting, fruit quality, disease,etc., in orderto provide scientific basis for the solution to the problems of water logging,low underground water level,disease,poor quality in high humidity area of Anhui.The results showed that:1. Influenced by rainfall, soil moisture was sufficient in, so vine increment was bigger, but waterregulation was difficult to operate. Budding and flowering in outdoor have delayed5days and3days,shoot length, internode length and internode respectively increased10.5%,10.8%and14.5%than underrain shelter cultivation..Leaf area (378.04cm2) has added12.7%and leaf chlorophyll conten（t2.23mg/g）has added5.69%than than under rain shelter cultivation.This research shows that leaf area under rainshelter was smaller than in outdoor, it may be associated with moisture control.2. Different irrigation treatments under open field cultivation has effect on the growth of shoot andleaf growth. Compared with the control group, shoot length, internode length and internode roughnessof ‘Summer Black’grape has added6.75%,1.49%and4.80%with1time water treatment..Shoot length,internode length and internode roughness have added16.20%,17.16%and13.27%with2times watertreatment.Shoot length, internode length and internode roughness have added16.28%,17.91%and13.36%with3times water treatment.. Compared with the control group, leaf fresh weight (1176.67g)and leaf area (416.53cm2) has added1.13%and0.68%with1time water treatment. Leaf fresh weightand leaf area has added25.89%and5.18%with2times water treatment. weight.And leaf fresh weightand leaf area has added25.89%and7.60%with3times water treatment. respectively.The results show that, shoots and leaves growth increased with the increase of irrigationtimes,and,the growth is the maximum with3times water treatment.Except for leaf area,,there is nosignificant difference in other indexes between with2times water treatment and3times times watertreatment.It may be due to2times and3times irrigation can meet the growth of grapes, and influencedby the late rainfall, the grape growth consistent. Under open field cultivation, due to many factors, watercontrol became difficulty.3. Under rain shelter cultivation,compared with the control group, shoot length, internode lengthand internode roughness of ‘Summer Black’grape has added19.52%,12.40%and26.04%with no filmmulching and regular irrigation treatments.Shoot length, internode length and internode roughness of‘Summer Black’grape has added11.56%,3.88%and14.89%with film mulching and2times irrigationtreatments.Shoot length, internode length and internode roughness of ‘Summer Black’grape has added19.62%,13.18%and25.84%with film mulching and3times irrigation treatments.Compared with theother treatment, grape growth has increased in different degrees, the growth of new shoots with no film mulching and nregular irrigation treatments consistent with the growth of new shoots under mulchingand3times water.Compared with the control group, Leaf fresh weight and leaf area has added31%and12.93%withno film mulching and regular water treatment.. Leaf fresh weight and leaf area has added11.11%and3.18%with film mulching and2times water treatment. Leaf fresh weight and leaf area has added31.00%and12.00%respectively with film mulching and3times water treatment.The results show that grape growth is least with no film mulching and no water treatment.Grapegrowth is second with film mulching and2times water treatment. Grape growth is basically samebetween no film mulching with regular water treatment and film mulching with3times water treatmentFilm mulching with3times water treatment can save57.1%water than no film mulching with regularwater treatment. Under water cultivation water mainly comes from the irrigation, we can control soilwater according to the water content and plant growth regulation.4. Effects of different rootstocks,grape growth and fruit of ‘Zuijinxiang’was different.. The resultsshowed that ‘small feet’ phenomenon.is most obvious in ZJX/Beida. ZJX/Huajia8isobvious.ZJX/SO4is not obvious.New shoot length and internode roughness was basically same between ZJX/Huajia8andZJX/SO4combination.Shoot internode length and roughness of ZJX/SO4was the smallest.Internode ofgrape was short and thin, growth was weak with ‘Beida’ as rootshocks. If we use ‘Huajia8’ asrootshocks,leaf area (521.18cm2) and chlorophyll content was largest, leaf fresh weight also is themaximum,followed by SO4, the smallest is ZJX/Beida combination The results show that, with Huajia8as rootshocks plants grow robust mostly.Grape yield was the highest with ‘huajia8’ rootstocks, up to16.27kg, also panicle weight wasmaximum. The results show that, with the Huajia8as rootstock, grape yield.was highest.From the viewof fruit quality,fruit solids witn Huajia8as rootstock was significantly higher than that ofBeida,titratable acid was significantly lower than that of Beida.In this experiment, analysis witn the growth, yield, fruit quality, it can find ZJX/Huajia8>ZJX/SO4> ZJX/Beida.5. If we water grape in veraison stage,fruit soluble solids content and soluble sugar contentreduced,and acid content was increased,and fruit turn color has delayed at the same time,and fruit havecracked slightly. Water should be charged in veraison stage,but it can be appropriate for drip irrigation ift soil field capacity was less than30%, and appear yellow phenomenon.6.In high temperature and rainy conditions of Anhui area,incidence rate of leaf downy mildewreduces significantly in rain shelter cultivation which can reduce cost and control effort of disease,improve the safety of grapes.