Experiment Study Of Water-saving Irrigation Model Of Rice Introduced In Hongqiling Farm Of Heilongjiang Province

As a big country in rice production and consumption, China is rated No.1among all countrieswith regard to rice planting area and total rice output. It is estimated that water utilization rate ofrice field irrigation of China is low in average value, only about40%of that of developedcountries. Heilongjiang province, an important grain production base of China, is also the biggestprovince in northern area of China with regard to rice planting area and total rice output. Therefore,researches on water-saving irrigation technologies for incremental rice species and ways toimprove water utilization rate and lower the water consumption of rice field irrigation issignificant for relieving the water shortage situation and promoting the sustainable developmentpaddy fields in this area. This paper, through exploring for an optimal irrigation model andoptimizing water production model of rice, has developed a standard water-saving rice cultivationmodel that is appropriate for this area upon the current water-saving irrigation technologies with aview to providing guidance for water and fertilizer-saving rice production in this area and solvingenvironmental problems resulted from rice production through changing production habits.In general, the major method applied in this paper is rice irrigation simulation test: accordingto features of different growth stage of rice, the tillering stage, jointing-booting stage, heading andflowering stage and milk-ripe stage of rice were regarded as four major growth stages in the test;then irrigation was practiced on rice at different stages and the growth states of rice plants weremeasured.The heights of rice plants under different irrigation models varied at the ripe stage: the heightsof rice plants processed with three water-saving irrigation were lower than those with regularmodel; among them, the height of rice plants under shallow wet model was99.5cm, which was thelowest of all; the height under controlled irrigation model was101.2cm; the height under farmingseason irrigation model was102.3cm; the height under regular irrigation mode was106.1cm. Suchdifference was reflected by that water-saving irrigation after the jointing stage could control theextension of the stems of rice plants. In addition, no significant growth under different processingmodels was identified and the ripe stages of rice plants under three water-saving irrigation modelscame earlier than that of rice plants under regular irrigation model; water-saving irrigation modelscould significantly reduce the water amount required for rice production; the controlled irrigationmodel used the least water, saving about173.05square meter water per half acre compared withthe regular irrigation model; the shallow wet model saved by160.08square meter water per halfacre compared with the regular irrigation model. Considering that the average purchasing price ofrice in this area in2013was2.8yuan/kg, the controlled irrigation can increase a benefit of1048yuan per hectare compared with the regular irrigation model, the shallow wet irrigation model canincrease a benefit of793yuan per hectare compared with the regular irrigation model and thefarming season irrigation model can increase a benefit of670yuan per hectare compared with the regular irrigation model. Nevertheless, the controlled irrigation model is most significant withregard to the increasing of output, water-saving amount and therefore the increase of economiceffectiveness of rice. Therefore, controlled irrigation model is the most appropriate one to bepromoted and applied in this area. However, when considering the production conditions, scale,farming season and climate conditions of this area, the shallow wet model is easier to operate andbe accepted by growers, so it is easier to be promoted.