Studies On Phenological, Biological And Cytological Characters Of Three Species In Allium L. From Xinjiang

Allium pallasii Murray, Allium caeruleum Pallas, Allium caesium Schrenk are perennial herbs in theAmaryllidaceae family. They are important edible and medicinal, ornamental plant resources, have greateconomic value. Phenological, biological and cytological characters of three species (Allium pallasiiMurray, Allium caeruleum Pallas, Allium caesium Schrenk) of Allium L. distributed in Xinjiang, China,were studied. They have been studied and established in prder to provide morphological and cytologicalevidence, provide the onion genus genetics resources of guidance in Xinjiang, its rich resourcesdomestically cultivated plants Allium species. The results can be showed as follows.（1）The population levels of phenophase has been observed for two years, the result shows that threespecies of Allium L. from Xinjiang sprout and grow fast with summer dormancy to evade disadvantageenvironment condition, have strong cold tolerance and poor hot and drought tolerance. Heat resistant havedifferences. In the same year the phenomenon of secondary growth in autumn.（2）The individual phenophase has been observed for two years, the result shows that three species ofAllium L. from Xinjiang of flowering pattern have differences. Allium pallasii Murray concentrated in acertain period, exhibited mass-flowering pattern, Allium caeruleum Pallas and Allium caesium Schrenkexhibited scattering flowering pattern.（3）The single flower phenolophase has been observed for two years, the result shows that fivemorphological phases were found during flowering period.（4）The analysis of three species of Allium L. from Xinjiang leaf growth characteristics, the result showsno effects between accumulated temperature sum and leaf expansion rate, has no effects betweenaccumulated temperature sum and leaf expansion duration. There were highly significant regressionrelationship between cumulated growing degree days and leaf number.（5）Karyotype characters of of three species of Allium L. from Xinjiang, the result indicates that werediploids, the karyotypes of them are2A types. Morphological and karyotype differentiation were found inthree populations of Allium caeruleum Pallas, and the ploidy levels of Allium caeruleum Pallas was diploid,triploid and tetraploid, respectively. However, morphological characters and ploidy levels were stablewithin populations.（6）Giemsa C-band of of three species of Allium L. from Xinjiang, the study show that a sharp distinctionin the number and intensity of bands, Giemsa C-band of Allium pallasii Murray mainly constitute in thetype of T and S bands, Giemsa C-band of three populations of Allium caeruleum Pallas mainly constitute inthe type of T bands, Giemsa C-band of Allium caesium Schrenk mainly constitute in the type of T and Cbands.