Design Of A Forest Fire Preventing And Controlling System Based On Internet Of Things

The occurrence of forest fires will bring immeasurable losses to the economy, society and environment. Aiming at the malpractice and defects existing in the field of the present stage of forest fire preventing and controlling mainly adopts video surveillance and satellite monitoring method, this paper uses the Internet of things technology which communicate in short distance, low power consumption, self- organization of the ZigBee wireless technology, and proposes some new ideas and a new method for forest fire preventing and controlling based on Wireless Sensors Network.Design of forest fire preventing and controlling system is divided into two aspects: the hardware design and software design. The hardware design mainly introduces the circuit design of three nodes: the terminal node, the routing node and coordinate node, specific including the core micro processing module and short distance wireless data sending and reception module, temperature and humidity sensor module, light collection module, smoke sensor module, infrared sensor module, GPS module, GPRS remote data reception and sending data collection module and peripheral circuits. Among three kinds of nodes, the various sensors are unique to the terminal node, the GPRS module is unique to the coordinator node, the GPS module is the module which all nodes need to use after installation.Software is programmed in the forest region monitoring nodes like coordinate nodes, routing nodes and terminal nodes based on Z-stack protocol stack in the forepart of the preventing and controlling system. program, including the collection of temperature value of surroundings, the collection of relative humidity, the collection of the amount of light, the collection of smoke concentration and collection of infrared light intensity. In addition, using strategy of terminal node joining network, distributing network address, routing strategy, data encryption strategies can make Zigbee network be robust and flexible, and make the network has the ability to withstand destruction and sudden condition of lightning and other natural factors to the nodes. PC software receive data from forepart monitoring system through the serial port, then processed with a preset and compared with threshold. If data exceed the corresponding physical parameter threshold, an alarm is issued, hinting that the fire may happen. After processing the data, data is sent to the server to save for historical queries.Finally, this paper makes a research of power supply of the nodes in the forepart monitoring network, energy consumption is calculated in the process of communication, the method of using solar panels to give power supply to routing nodes and coordinate nodes is proposed. In the design of low power consumption implementation part, after the node completes data acquisition of environment parameters and send it to parent node, the node to to sleeping mode to reduce unnecessary energy expenditure, system can realize different monitoring requirements in different seasons by adjusting the length of sleeping time. Spring and autumn are important seasons of forest fire preventing and controlling, sleeping time should not be too long, otherwise it will affect the ability of preventing and controlling system. In mid winter, heavy snow will cover the whole mountain. Proper reduction nodes’ working time in forepart network will not affect the whole forest fire monitoring system too much. Meanwhile, in the low temperature environment, the time of power supply is related to temperature in a certain extent correlation. Under the same power condition, the lower the temperature the shorter the time of power supply will be. In order to save the power to the greatest degree, it’s necessary to prolong the sleeping time as much as possible to make sure that the system monitoring will work smoothly..