Effects Of Different Fertilization On Dry Plateau Wheat Yield And Water Fertilizer Use In Southern Shanxi

Through field experiments, to study the rule of yield formation, the rule of water and nutrient absorption-translocation, fertilizer efficiency of NPK, and water and fertilizer utilization characteristics and soil enzyme activity under ridge ditch multicast mode and different fertilization in southern Shanxi. In order to establish a more scientific fertilization, as well as to provide a theoretical basis for an efficient mode of wheat production and optimizing the ecological environment in southern Shanxi and china. The main results are as follows:Organic and inorganic fertilizer(OIF) and bacterial manure and inorganic fertilizer(BIF) could significantly promoted the formation of wheat production, in which the grain yield of wheat ears, earing rate, harvest index, ha geometric measurement increased by 8.4% and 12.4%,11.9% and 13.0%,9.4% and 9.4%,7.1% and 7.1%, respectively, economic benefit is increased by 20.8% and 28.6% respectively, compared with the controled fertilizer treatment (CF), and the differences reached significant level; the controled fertilizer with reducing 20% N(CFR) was no significant difference between the above-mentioned indexes shows that reduction of nitrogen was no big influence on wheat earing rate, biological yield, grain yield and economic benefit, etc. The three elements of yield components analysis results show that ha spike number is the key factor that affect production.The accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are mainly in the revival stage to the booting stage. Compared with the CF, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption of OIF and BIF respectively increased by 16.5% and 32.2%,26.2% and 33.8%,54.2% and 54.0%;CFR was increased by 5.2%,29.5% and 29.5% respectively than CF, showed that a suitable amount of reducing nitrogen helped the absorption of wheat to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The nitrogem phosphorus allocation of wheat with different treatments performance:the grain> stems and leaves> glume, after flowering, nitrogen accumulation of grain mainly comes from the leaf,; P accumulation of Three mainly comes from the absorption of nutrients; the performance of potassium allocation was:stems and leaves> grain> glume. The PFPN, PFPp, PFPK of OIF and BIF significantly increased by 8.4% and 8.4% respectively,8.4% and 12.4%, 8.5% and 12.4%, the PFPN of CFR significantly increased by 21.3%, The NRE,PRE(P) of three increased by32.7% and 65.5%、5.5% and 63.3%,27.6% and 70.0%,PRE(K) decreased 11.5%,11.4%,14.5%.Compared with the CR,2m water storage of OIF and BIF reduced by 6.9%,8.4% respectively, and the water consumption is increased by 9.87% and 9.0%, the WUE of BIF was the highest, but was not obvious compared with CR and OIF.2 m soil and arable layer soil NO3-N accumulation amount of OIF and BIF reduced by 31.0%、30.4%, and 52.0%,58.9% respectively than CF,2 m soil NO3-N accumulation amount OF the CFR was no difference, top layer content was reduced by 37.7%.The sucrose, urease, alkaline phosphatase activity of topsoil each treatment increased first and then decreased with phenological development increased, reached maximum at the booting stage, BIF had a certain role on invertase activity.SMB-C of OIF and BIF were significantly higher than other treatments in the whole growth period; SMB-N and SMB-P of OIF and BIF significantly higher than other treatment in the late period; The top layer of soil microflora between the groups were as follows:bacteria> actinomyces> fungi, the number of fungi and actinomycetes of OIF and BIF was higher than other treatments.Above all, in the local climate and soil conditions, to control the quantity of nitrogen (N) 130-165 kg/hm2, phosphorus quantity (P2O5) 70 kg/hm2, total k content (K2O) 37.5 kg/hm2, on the basis of organic and inorganic fertilizer (1:3) or the researches of organic and inorganic NPK fertilization measures, combined with ridge film furrow planting pattern, can significantly improve the wheat earing rate, biological yield and grain yield, and fertilizer use efficiency and soil biological activity and so on, therefore, these measures are available in the local rainfed wheat popularization and application.