| The material in field experiment was winter wheat, a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of ridge film furrow planting, flat film dibble planting and other planting modes on group structure, dynamics of growth, use efficiency of water and fertilizer, and soil microbial biomass activity during the growth period on dry land soil in southern of Shan Xi from 2012 to 2014. The aim of this project was to find a suitable planting mode for this region and provide a scientific basis for high yield wheat and efficiency management of water and fertilizer in Shanxi and China. The main results as follows:Ridge film furrow and flat film dibble planting increased the yield of wheat. The increased production effect of flat film dibble planting was more obvious. Compared with recommended fertilization with no film mulching, spike rate of ridge film furrow planting and flat film dibble planting respectively increased by 29.66%-32.29%,26.85%-28.43%; grain’s yield respectively increased by 16.71%-32.64%, 37.99%-39.66%; biological yield respectively increased by 19.66%-25.59%,25.64%-42.25% and dry matter accumulation respectively increased by 27.91%-37.61%,36.23%-47.08%. The differences both reached significant level. Black film mulching in summer fallow period also increased the yield of wheat, grain’s yield andbiological yieldrespectivelyincreasedby12.50%,13.65%,the differencesreached significant 1 evel.It was found that spike number per ha and 1000-grain weight were main factors which affected the yield growth. Spike number per ha of Ridge film furrow planting and flat film dibble planting increased by 35.81%,46.59% than recommended fertilization with no film mulching in first year; increased by 13.87%,32.40% in second year. Ridge film furrow planting and flat film dibble planting both increased 1000-grain weight by 8.07% than recommended fertilization with no film mulching in second year, and the differences both reached significant level. Besides, the economic benefits of two mulching modes significantly increased. Compared with recommended fertilization with no film mulching increased by 46.34% and 21.09%, the differences both reached significant level.The nitrogen, phosphorus allocation of wheat under different planting modes performance:the grain> stems and leaves> glume, the performance of potassium allocation was:stems and leaves> grain> glume. With the same fertilizer application rate, ridge film furrow planting and flat film dibble planting could significantly enhance the nutrient use efficiency of wheat. Compared with recommended fertilization with no film mulching, ridge film furrow planting and flat film dibble planting improved the N, P, K partial factory productivity of winter wheat by 21.65%-44.45%,19.37%-42.34%,22.76%-45.95% respectively.There were no significant changes of 0-200cm total soil water storage and water consumption among different planting modes after harvest. But ridge film furrow planting and flat film dibble planting significantly increased soil water storage in 0-20 cm soil layer, respectively increased by 3.95%-11.11% than recommended fertilization with no film mulching, the differences both reached significant level. Water use efficiency of plastic film mulching was taller than no film planting, compared with recommended fertilization with no film mulching, ridge film furrow planting and flat film dibble planting respectively increased by 15.15%-25.53%,21.38%-39.25%; the efficiency of precipitation production respectively increased by 16.71%-32.64%and37.99%-39.66%respectively, the differences both reached significant level. The content of soil moisture of Black film mulching in summer fallow period (202.01mm) in the 40-200cm layers was significantly higher than that in other treatments (177.48mm), and the water leisure efficiency was significantly higher than other treatments.The accumulation of NO3--N with film planting was lower than no film planting, the differences reached no significant level. But flat film dibble planting significantly reduced the accumulation of NO3--N in 0-20 cm soil layer and respectively decreased by 14.41%,18.11% than recommended fertilization with no film mulching in two years, the differences both reached significant level.Plastic film mulching could improve the soil environment of wheat on dry land. Compared with recommended fertilization with no film mulching, the sucrose activity and alkaline phosphatase activity of flat film dibble planting respectively increased by 20.90%-30.91%å'Œ11.78%-39.68%, the differences reached significant. Microbial biomass carbon of ridge film furrow planting and flat film dibble planting respectively increased by 64.5%-105.4%,23%-47.8%; microbial biomass phosphorus of ridge film furrow planting and flat film dibble planting respectively increased by 25.7%-59.1%,13.0%-43.7%, the differences both reached significant.To sum up, ridge film furrow planting and flat film dibble planting with mulching in summer fallow period had larger promoting effect on wheat in the whole growth period. They improved the absorption and utilization of water and Fertilizer, increased wheat yield significantly, and flat film dibble planting was better than ridge film furrow planting. So the two planting modes were suitable for application on dry land region of china. |
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