Studies On Detection Of The Toxins In Castor Bean Meal And Detoxification With Continuous Phase-transition Extraction

The castor meal is rich in high protein feedstuff with great utilization value, but the utilization range is limited by its toxins. Four kinds of toxins in castor meal were analysed and detected in this experiment. These toxins were removed by a novel continuous phase transition extraction. Then the nutrients analysis and acute toxicity tests with mice were conducted for the detoxification of castor meal. The results are as follows:1. The detection method was constructed for detecting the content of four toxins from castor bean meal which was ricinine, allergen, agglutinin and ricin. Firstly, the method of detecting ricinine and allergen content were established. Ricinine and allergen were sperated and purified, and then were identified to be0.36%and6.39%in the castor bean meal respectively. Secondly, the agglutinin was detected by positive relationship between the amount of agglutinin and hemagglutination activity. Finally, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was adopted for the removal efficiency of ricin.2. The conditions of detoxification were optimized. The four toxins removal rate was as the evaluation criterion respectively. Temperature, time and extracting pressure as three significant factors which based on single-factor test were conducted in this experiment. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was applied to set mathematical model and optimize the detoxification condition. The optimum conditions were temperature90℃, treatment time3h,extraction pressure0.3MPa. Under these conditions, the removal rate of ricinine, allergen, agglutinin and ricin were82.31%,90.01%,99.94%and99,00%respectively.3. The nutrients of castor meal were compared before and after detoxification. The nutrients changes of castor bean meal with2.50%oil were analyzed after the optimal process of detoxification. The relative amount of crude protein and total amino acid were increased1.66%and5.09%, respectively. The relative amount of crude fat was decreased by78.00%. The crude protein content was39.11%and the amino acid content was found to be rich in Asp, Glu, and Arg in the detoxification of castor meal. The detoxification Castor meal is a high quality feed which is rich in nutrients.4. Toxicological evaluation with mice at before and after detoxification of castor meal had been conducted. The results showed that the mortality of mice reached100%at2000mg/kg dose feeding with castor meal before detoxification. However, no abnormal situation was observed in the mice feeded with2000mg/kg of detoxified castor meal. The LD50of detoxification castor meal was larger than5000mg/kg of body weight at the acute toxicity experiment with mice. It is suggested that the detoxification castor meal is nontoxicity.