| In order to know the the three-dimensional distribution of main meteorological factor and soil nutrients in Yunnan different tobacco-growing areas, explore the adaptability of flue-cured tobacco varieties under different ecological zone and altitude, study the effect of main meteorological factor have on chemical quality of tobacco leaf, experiment was conducted in2012, draw the following conclusions:1. Monthly mean temperature reduced with the rising of altitude, around18℃to23℃, highest temperature all appeared in May, lowest in September, the total rainfall reduced with the rising of altitude, monthly rainfall in different elevation gradient offered upgrade firstly than descending latter tendency, lowest average monthly rainfall appear in May and less than100mm. Change of average monthly rainfallw was same in different elevation gradien that above1600meters, the rank from big to small was,June,July,August,Septembe,May.Highest monthly mean sunshine hours in different elevation appeared in May, lowest in September, from June to September, with the rising of altitude the monthly mean sunshine hours showed a trend of decline basically.2. The average content of pH was6.26and the organic matter was2.93%,41.33%of pH in the most suitable rangethe contents of available P, available K, available Mg, available Ca, Cl ion, and available B were rich, the content of alkali hydrolysable N was high. Significant differences of organic matter, alkali hydrolysable N, available P and available K were existed among different altitudinal gradient groups.The correlation analysis indicated altitude showed the mighty prominent positive correlation with the organic matter, available P and available K, showed the prominent positive correlation with the alkali hydrolysable N.When the altitude was lower than1600meters, organic matter and alkali hydrolysable N showed the best performance, available P, available K, available Mg and available Ca, showed the worst performance. When the altitude was between1600and1800meters, pH and available B showed the worst performance. When the altitude was between1800and2000meters, pH, available Mg, available Ca and Cl ion showed the best performance, organic matter and alkali hydrolysable N showed the worst performance. When the altitude was higher than2000meters, available P, available K and available B showed the best performance, Cl ion showed the worst performance.On average,the soil nutrient content showed the best performance when the altitude was higher than2000meters.3. The starch, nicotine,total nitrogen, total sugar in the upper leaves of K326had significant difference in different elevation gradie.The nicotine, potassium, petroleum ether extract of HD had significant difference in different elevation gradie,so did the starch in the middle leaf. The nicotine, chlorine, and the ratio of potassium to chlorine of Y97had significant difference in different elevation gradie too. The canonical correlation analysis between Yunnan tobacco chemical indexes and altitude showed that each indexes of Yun97and altitude had no significant correlation, Yun97was the most adaptable of altitude chlorine in the upper leaves of K326and altitude had significant correlation, starch, nicotine, petroleum ether extract of HD and altitude had significant negative correlation.4. The correlation between upper leaves and middle leaves with meteorological factors were basically the same,while the influence of different varieties on chemical indexes were different, the rank of each meteorological factory for chemical components of tobacco leaf from better to less was, temperature, time and solvent and solid ratio.The petroleum ether extract, tobacco chloride, sugar alkali of K326and meteorological factors had no significant correlation,reducing sugar, nicotine and potassium chloride were less affected by meteorological factors,the starch, total sugar, total nitrogen and nitrogen alkali were mainly affected by monthly mean temperature and sunshine hours, while the potassium was mainly affected by average monthly precipitation and sunshine hours. The petroleum ether extract of HD and meteorological factors had no significant correlation, Reducing sugar, total nitrogen, tobacco chloride, sugar alkali ratio and alkali nitrogen ratio were less affected by meteorological factors,starch and potassium chloride were mainly affected by monthly mean temperature and sunshine hours, total sugar was mainly affected by average monthly precipitation, nicotine was mainly affected by sunshine hours, potassium was affected by three meteorological factors. The petroleum,reducing sugar, nicotine and tobacco chloride,sugar alkali, nitrogen alkali of Yun97and meteorological factors had no significant correlation, starch was affected by three meteorological factors,there were significant negative relationship between starch and monthly precipitation and sunshine hours,and significant positive relationship with monthly mean temperature. Positive relationships between total sugar and the monthly mean temperature of July and August were exist, the potassium was mainly affected by precipitation and sunshine, potassium would increase if improved the ecipitation and sunshine,meanwhile the petroleum ether extract would also increased when reduce rainfall and raise the temperature and sunshine. |
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