| Africa bamboo area is rich in bamboo species resources, but its bamboo species and germplasm research is rare, which limits the development of bamboo industry in Africa. Based on the results of Bamboo Phylogeny Group(BPG), the African bamboo species is sorted out. Besides, Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Oldeania alpina are introduced by seeds, the DNA material of O. abyssinica, Bambusa vulgaris are collected. Also, the seed traits and the seedling tests are researched. The phenotype, physiology variation and molecular genetic variation of the three bamboo species are measured. The conclusions are as follows:1. Africa bamboo area is rich in bamboo resources, the existing bamboo species are 72 taxa(species and Taxa of infraspecis) in 25 genus, which originated from endemic 52 taxa in 18 genus and introduced 20 taxa in 7 genus. The number of woody bamboo is 60 taxa in 22 genus, and the number of herbaceous bamboo is 12 taxa in 3 genus.2. Seeds of O. abyssinica is large and its integrated germination is in high quality. Its seed is 18.2 mm in length, the variation coefficient is 8.8%; Seed width is 3.3 mm, coefficient of variation of 6.0%; the housand Kernel Weight is 117.5 g, coefficient of variation of 10.5%; Indoor germination rate is 66.5%, coefficient of variation of 7.9%. Natural germination rate is 77.5%, natural germination potential is 65.0%. Its germination rate is high and emergence neatly, germination time is also short. The height progress of seedling from seed is fast firstly and slow later. The fitting curve of high growth is y=-56.191/[1+(x/29.35)0.92] +55.87(R2=0.998).3. The average height of O. abyssinica seedlins is 130.91 cm, the average diameter is 7.19 cm, the average leaf area of leaves is 47.56 cm2, average leaf length 14.91 cm, the average blade width is 4.04 cm, the coefficient of variation(CV) of phenotypic traits range between 19.94%- 75.74%., CV of leaf length is 19.94%,it’s minimum in phenotypic traits, and the CV of ground diameter variation is largest, it’s 75.74%. Leaf area and leaf length properties is the main phenotypic traits. According to the results of the phenotypic traits clustering, 4 strains are special and discovered: the big leaf type strain M12, short strain with small leaves Z18, tall and thick strains Z4, Z10.4. The average Ф PSⅡ of O. abyssinica is 0.654, the CV Is 17.31%; the average value of Fo is 61,,CV is 17.72%; the average value of Fv/Fm is 0.814, CV is only 5.17%. The CV of chlorophyll concentration is range from 12.85%-27.26%, CV of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters range from 5.17%- 17.72%, variation degree below phenotypic traits. The light compensation point of O. abyssinica is 38.9 μmol·m-2·s-1, light saturation point is 793.6 μmol·m-2·s-1, maximum net photosynthetic rate is 10.531μmol·m-2·s-1. Its light compensation point is low, shows that its a shade tolerance bamboo. Meanwhile, it can tolerant hard light. Its adapt range of light is wide. According to the clustering results of physiological characteristics, 5 special strains with special physiological traits are discovered, the strains with strong photosynthetic and environment adaptiveness ability Z11, M7, M2, M8, D28.5. There is significant or very significant correlation between phenotypic traits and physiological character. Plant height and chlorophyll b concentrations were significantly related. Plant height, leaf area, leaf length data are associated with chlorophyll concentration significantly, the correlation coefficient is range from 0.450 to 0.702.6. The genetic diversity of O. abyssinica is tested, the result shows that the percentage of polymorphic loci(PPB) 90.28%, Nei genetic diversity(H) is 0.2463, Shannon diversity index(I) 0.3623. Plant phenotype depends on a combination of genes and the environment, the seeds collected in the same region, the morphology, physiology, or molecular differences lie mainly in the genetic factors.7. Highland bamboo(Oldeania alpina) seeds is small, and its germination ability is poor. Highland bamboo seed length is 6.17 mm, the CV is 8.40%; Width is 2.06 mm, the CV is 9.67%; Length-width ratio is 3.01, the CV is 7.04%, thousand-seed weight is 17.84 g, its CV is 3.74%; Seeds neatness is 98.25%, the CV is 1.0%. Highland bamboo seed germination rate is 30.7% on average, its CVis only 3.76%, germination potential of 25.0%, the CV is 14.96%. The orthogonal experiment results show that the seed soaking temperature 30 ℃, seed soaking time of 24 h, H3BO3 400 mg·L-1, the germination rate can reach 52.0%. the best optimal combination is soaked with temperature 20 ℃, seed soaking time of 12 h, 400 mg·L-1, H3BO3 concentration can be tested in further practice or subsequent tests.8. The genetic diversity of Bambusa vulgaris samples from Madagascar and China are tested by AFLP,, 1728 amplification bands are received, including 1402 polymorphic bands, the rate of polymorphic bands(PPB) is 81.14%. Nei’s genetic diversity index(H) is 0.1544, Shannon diversity index(I) 0.2568. The Clustering result showed that, Bambusa vulgaris samples from Madagascar can’t clearly distinguish with Bambusa vulgaris samples from China. There are may not obvious genetic differentiation between them.The African bamboo species, such as O. abyssinica, O. alpina, B. vulgaris, are valuable in many fields. Their culms can be used as material and fiber, the leaves can be used as medicine and feed, the seeds and bamboo shoots can be used as food. The developing potential of African bamboo is enoumous, and they will sustainably used by us. |
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