| This experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutrition value of cassava residues and its optimum supplement in the feed for geese(at the age of 22 to 49 days and 50 to 70 days), furnishing theoretical basis for production and applying cassava residues to livestock production.The nutrition value evaluation of cassava residues was carried out in combination with the metabolism trial, by means of analyzing the nutrition contents of cassava residues and the faces of geese.The nutrition contents of cassava residues is first to consider. Then selecting eighteen healthy male geese with similar body weight. They were randomly divided into three groups(A,B,C). Each group included 6 replicates. The control group(group A) was input half homozygous foundation diets of 100g. The group B and C wear input the diets that they were formed of 20% or 40% cassava residues and basal diet. Test geese wear breed in cages and per cage has one goose. Collect faces of geese within 24 h and next 24 h. They wear used to determine nutrient contents and internal calibration.Study on the production performance of geese by feeding trial that they wear fed different cassava residues diets. Feeding trial was divided into two parts. Part I:There hundred 19-days-old healthy male geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into five groups. Every group had six replicates and each replicate had 10 geese.The control group was fed basal diet. The experimental diets wear supplemented with 5%,10%,15% and 20% cassava residues. Part II:Two hundred 49-days-old healthy male geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into five groups. Every group had four repeats and each repeat had 10 geese; The control group was fed basal diet. The experimental diets wear supplemented with 5%,10%,15% and 20% cassava residues. In the feeding period, the geese wear freedom to activity and intake food. Otherwise, study on the apparent metabolic rate of different diets by metabolism trial. Choosing one test goose from each repeat respectively at the age of 22,43,64 days. The geese had the weight in close to each repeated average value. They wear bred in metabolic cage and the dung plate was set under the cage. The test geese wear to adapt to the environment in the first three days. Then, collecting feces in the next four days. The test geese wear freedom to drinking in the whole period. At the end of feeding trial(49 and 70days), electing two geese from every repeat and their weight was close to average value. The geese wear used to determine the slaughter performance and serum biochemical index.The results showed that:1. The nutrition contents of the cassava residues as follows.Energy value is 15.49 MJ/Kg. Crude protein is 10.47%. Crude fiber is 19.13%. Crude fat is 1.73%. Crude ash is 18.06%. The cassava residues also has rich amino acid. The true metabolic rate of coarse fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid washing slag was that the group of 40% cassava residues was highest. While other nutrient metabolic rate was that the basal diet group was highest. The true metabolic rate of various materials wear got by the method of simultaneous equation. The results showed that the neutral detergent fiber has the highest metabolic rate, followed by the acid washing fiber, coarse fiber. True metabolic rate of arginine was the highest in all amino acid. The true metabolic energy of cassava residues is 5.08 MJ/Kg.2. At the age of 22 to 49 days, compared with the control group, diets of cassava residues significantly improved the ADFI of geese (P<0.05). They also reduced the muscular stomach index and the apparent metabolic energy of diets for geese at the age of 7 weeks (P<0.05). Diets of 10%,15% and 20% cassava residues significantly reduced the total cost of diets and energy apparent metabolic rate of diets for geese at the age of 4 weeks and the apparent dry matter metabolic rate of diets for geese at the age of 7 weeks(P<0.05). They also improved the ADFI and ADG of geese at age of 22 to 28 days(P<0.05). Diets of 15% cassava residues significantly improved the weight and daily gain of geese (P<0.05). Diets of 15%,20% cassava residues significantly reduced the content of glucose and uric acid of geese serum (P<0.05). They also reduced the apparent dry matter metabolic rate of diets for geese at the age of 4 weeks and the apparent phosphorus metabolic rate of diets for geese at age of 7 weeks (P<0.05). Diets of 20% cassava residues significantly increased the triglycerides of geese serum(P<0.05). Diets of cassava residues had no significant influence to other slaughter performance, the development of internal organs and body size, apparent nutrient metabolic rate of diets, serum biochemical index(P>0.05). Otherwise, the ADG of geese at age of 22 to 49 days had a quadratic curve relation(P=0.017). when it was highest the adding amount of cassava residues was 12.4%. By the quadratic relationship of feed cost reduction percentage, we know when the adding amount of cassava residues was 17.9%, the fodder cost reduction percentage was maximum.3. At the age of 50 to 70 days, compared with the control group, diets of cassava residues significantly reduced the apparent metabolic energy of diets for geese at the age of 10 weeks(P<0.05). Diets of 10%,15%,20% cassava residues significantly improved the ADFI of geese and reduced the total cost of feed (P<0.05). Diet of 15%,20% cassava residues significantly improved the shank circumference of geese (P<0.05). They also reduced the ADG of geese at age of 50 to 56 days and ADFI of geese at age of 57 to 63 days (P<0.05). Diets of 15% cassava residues significantly reduced serum glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase of geese (P<0.05). Diets of 20% cassava residues significantly reduced the ratio of abdominal fat and ash content in muscle of geese(P<0.05). Diet of cassava residues had no significant effect on other slaughtering performance, internal organs development, body size development, apparent nutrient metabolic rate of diets, serum biochemical index, meat quality and conventional nutrients of muscle (P>0.05).Otherwise, by the quadratic relationship of feed cost reduction percentage and economic benefits, when the fodder cost reduction percentage and economic benefits was maximum, the adding amount of cassava residues was 20.9% to 21.4%.According to comprehensive analysis, cassava residues is a high fiber feedstuffs and it has high ratio of fiber. It also can be used in diets of geese.For the geese of different stages, the optimum supplement of cassava residues in diets increased along with the age of geese. Based on the test results, consider the average daily gain maximum limits and feed cost minimum limit, the optimum supplement of cassava residues in diets of geese at age of 22 to 49 days is 12.4% to 17.9%. And 50-70 days of age stage, considering economic benefit maximum limits and the feed cost minimum limit, the optimum supplement of cassava residues in diets of geese at age of 50 to 70 days is 20.9% to 21.4%. |
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