Effect Of Different Fertilizer Application Rates And Applied Distance On The Growth And Development Of Summer Maize

The effect of phosphate fertilizer application rate and horizontal distance on the growth and development of maize was conducted in Henan Agricultural University Science and Technological Park in 2014. The results were as follows:1. Effect on summer maize root traits Phosphate fertilizer application can promote the growth of maize roots, there was obvious difference among the treatments. when fertilizer application horizontal distance was 5cm, application rate treatment B, total root layers number, aerial roots layers number, total root number, secondary roots number and gas roots number have increased, while there was no significant effect on the secondary rooting number. In different soil layers, the fresh weight and dry weight of maize root also increased obviously. The performance of different treatments on the root traits: distance 5cm + fertilizer B > distance 5cm + fertilizer A > distance 5cm + fertilizer C > distance 10 cm + fertilizer B > distance 10 cm + fertilizer A > distance 10 cm + fertilizer C > no P fertilizer.2. Effect on summer maize stem traits The application of phosphate fertilizer could promote the growth and development of corn stalk, but the difference between different treatments is large.. Plant height, ear height and stem diameter changing order: Distance 5cm + fertilizer B > 10 cm + fertilization distance B > fertilization distance 5cm + C > fertilization distance 10 cm + C > fertilization distance 5cm + A > distance 10 cm + fertilizer A > no P fertilizer. When fertilization distance was 5 cm and 10 cm, the length of basal three stem segment in all the phosphate fertilizer application were increased. The length of the first stem node of the basal part increased by 0.1cm-0.73 cm, the length of the second stem segment increased by 0.07cm-2.36 cm, the length of the third stem segment increased by 0.73cm-3.82 cm. Effects on leaf area and chlorophyll content, change is as follows: Distance 5cm + fertilizer B > distance 5cm + fertilizer A > distance 5cm + fertilizer C > distance 10 cm + fertilizer B > distance 10 cm + fertilizer A > distance 10 cm + fertilizer C > no P fertilizer.3. Influence on the matter accumulation and yield of Summer Maize When the fertilization distance was 5 cm, the amount of dry matter accumulation was the highest when fertilization rate was A, the amount of dry matter accumulation was the least when fertilization rate was C, and thy reached significant difference compared with no phosphate fertilizer application. Therefore, excessive phosphorus application can reduce dry matter accumulation in maize When the fertilization distance was 10 cm, the amount of dry matter accumulation was the highest when fertilization rate was A. There was significant difference compared with no phosphate fertilizer application, other fertilization treatments had no significant difference. Therefore, the dry matter accumulation was the most in maize when the fertilization distance was 5cm and fertilization rate was A.The application of phosphate fertilizer in the soil can promote the growth and development of maize, increase the grain yield.. When the distance of fertilization is too far, or when the amount of fertilizer application is too much or too little, the nutrient use efficiency can’t be improved. In the near distance(horizontal distance was 5cm), when fertilization rate was 1687.5 kg/hm2, The increase of production is remarkable, and it is worth popularizing in production.