Effects Of Coal-derived Compound Fertilizer And Different Fertilizer Application On Soil Properties And Yield Of Maize In Reclaimed Land

The experiment studied the effects of five fertilization of coal-derived fertilizer, coal-derived fertilizer and bacterial manure, coal-derived fertilizer and chicken manure, chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and bacterial manure on the reclaimed soil physical, chemical, biological properties and yield, quality of Maize with corn as test object, the Gujiao Tunlan Mine Reclamation Area as the test base, the main conclusions are as follows:(1)Compared with CK, The soil (0-10cm) bulk density of each treatment decreased obviously, The content of soil (0-20cm) water increased significantly, and significant difference But the difference of soil bulk density between different fertilization treatments was not significant. The coal-derived fertilizer and bacterial manure and coal-derived fertilizer and chicken manure are better than other treatments. The water content of coal-derived fertilizer and bacterial manure was the highest, reached by 16.07%, it had no significant difference with the coal-derived fertilizer and chicken manure. The soil bulk density decreased with the increase of fertilizer application level, and the water content showed a rising trend.(2)The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and organic matter of all treatments increased significantly compared with CK, and significant difference. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and organic matter of homologous fertilizer treatment reached the maximum at N300 level. The increasing of soil total nitrogen content of by coal-derived fertilizer and chicken manure was the highest, and the difference was significant with chemical fertilizer, But the difference was not significant with other treatments. The content of soil total phosphorus by coal-derived fertilizer was the highest for 0.42 mg/kg, and it had no significant difference with coal-derived fertilizer and chicken manure. The content of soil total potassium and organic matter by coal-derived chicken manure for 21.77 g/kg,6.66g/kg.(3)The content of available nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus increased significantly at mature period of maize compared with CK, and the difference was remarkable. The content of soil available nitrogen%available potassium and available potassium of homologous fertilizer treatment were the highest at the level of N300. The content of soil available nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus by coal-derived fertilizer and bacterial manure was the highest for 15.59 mg/kg、5.89 mg/kg、150.83 mg/kg, and it had significant difference with chemical fertilizer, and it had no significant difference with other fertilization treatments at the same level of fertilization.(4)The soil enzyme activities increased significantly compared with CK during the three growth stages of maize seedling stage, grain filling stage and mature stage, the soil enzyme activities were significantly increased in each treatment, and the difference was significant. The enzyme activity increased gradually with the growth of the four enzymes. The soil invertase activity was the best at N210 and N300 level, and the urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities were the best at N210 level. The activities of invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase coal-derived fertilizer and bacterial manure treatment were the highest, and the difference was remarkable with other treatments. Compared coal-derived manure with chemical fertilizer treatment, the activities of soil invertase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase increased by 20.8%,41.6% and 27.2%, and the difference was remarkable. The activity of soil by coal-derived fertilizer and bacterial manure treatment had significant difference than other treatments,and the difference of coal-derived manure, coal-derived fertilizer and chicken manure, chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and bacterial manure were not remarkable.(5)The contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen by different fertilization treatments were higher than CK, and the difference was significant. The content of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen was the highest at N210 level. The content of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen coal-derived fertilizer and bacterial manure was the highest for 72.53 mg/kg,12.38 mg/kg, and significant difference with other treatments. Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment, the content of soil microbial biomass carbon by chemical bacterial manure increased by 11.0%, and the difference was significant. The difference of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen by coal-derived manure, coal-derived fertilizer and chicken manure, and chemical fertilizer and bacterial manure was no significant but they had significant difference with chemical fertilizer treatment.(6)In this experiment, the same fertilizer treatments had the highest yield at N210 level, The yield by coal-derived fertilizer and bacterial manure was the highest for 4513.95 kg/hm~2, and the difference was significant with other treatment. The contents of fat, starch and protein were higher than CK treatment, and the difference was significant. At N120 and N210 level, the grain protein content of coal-derived fertilizer and bacterial manure was the highest, the fat content of coal-derived fertilizer and chicken manure was the highest. At N300 level, the grain protein content of coal-derived manure was the highest, the grain fat content of coal-derived fertilizer and bacterial manure was the highest.