Effects Of Chemical Fertilizers Application Combined With Organic Manure On Yield, Quality And Water-nitrogen Use Of Oil Flax

In view of the phenomenon that attached great importance to the chemical fertilizers while look down on organic manure under oil flax cultivation, field experiment was conducted to study the influences of different chemical fertilizers application combined with organic manure on dry matter production, grain yield and quality as well as water and nitrogen use efficiency, zhangya 2was used as test material and treatments without fertilizer and with chemical fertilizer were used as controls. The main results of experiment were as follows:1. The dynamic of leaf area index and duration in the different way of fertilization of oil flax presented an evident single-peaked curve, and compared with no fertilizer, the single application of oil flax residue and farmyard manure were not significant for the leaf area index,whereas chemical fertilizers application combined with oil flax residue and farmyard manure can not only keep it at about 2.0 in later period but also make the total leaf area duration significantly increased by 57.66%~57.99% and 6.00%~6.23% compared with no fertilizer and chemical fertilizers in the whole stages. With the growth process moving forward, the total chlorophyll content of leaf of oil flax firstly increased and then decreased, and increased by an average of17.32%~18.38% in the whole stages under the chemical fertilizers application combined with oil flax residue and farmyard manure than no fertilizer.2. The dry matter accumulation of above-ground parts with different fertilizers application all appeared the tendency of slow fast slow and increased rapidly after budding stage, especially the chemical fertilizers application combined with oil flax residue and farmyard manure was significantly higher than other treatments. At maturity, the distribution of grain to total dry matter accumulation under the chemical fertilizers application combined with oil flax residue reached the peak and significantly increased by 15.99% and 5.91% compared with no fertilizer and chemical fertilizers. After anthesis, the dry matter accumulation amounts under the chemical fertilizers application combined with oil flax residue and farmyard manure was significantly increased by 62.44%~79.06% and 46.61%~61.61% while the contribution of dry matter accumulation amount to grains increased by 56.48%~71.16% and 26.07%~37.89% compared with no fertilizer and chemical fertilizers.3. The chemical fertilizers application combined with organic manure has apparent effects on the grain filling process and production formation. The relationship between 1000-grain at grain-filling stage and the days after anthesis conformed to Logistic equation and the coefficient of determination has more than 0.99 under different fertilizers application. The chemical fertilizers application combined with oil flax residue of average filling and weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate were increased by 4.23%~4.80% and 1.29%~3.12% overthe treatment with fertilizer. However, the grain yield was significantly increased by53.39%~59.63% and 14.52%~19.18% compared with no fertilizer and chemical fertilizers under the condition of chemical fertilizers application combined with manure. Moreover, the flax yield had an extremely notable relationship with weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate and active grain-filling period along with 1000-grain weight, and the effect of active grain-filling period on grain yield was the most obvious.4. The application of fertilizers played a great role in grain quality enhancement. In comparison of no fertilizer and chemical fertilizers, the content of sub-oleic increased was significantly increased by 3.25% and 1.21% with the application of oil flax residue, whereas the flax acid increased by 3.31% and 2.07% under the farmyard manure. In addition to, the content of sub-oleic, flax acid and lignans under the chemical fertilizers application combined with oil flax residue and farmyard manure were markedly increased by 1.25%~1.69%, 2.08%~4.10% and10.44%~12.87% than no fertilizer, and compared with chemical fertilizers, the sub-oleic was fell by 0.31%~0.74% while the flax acid and lignans increased by 0.86%~2.85%, 7.27%~9.64%respectively. Therefore, the chemical fertilizers application combined with oil flax residue and farmyard manure has a better effect on the enhancement of the flax acid and lignans in grain of oil flax.5. The peak of water consumption was from anthesis to maturity, and the application of chemical fertilizers combined with oil flax residue and farmyard manure exhibited significantly greater water consumption amounts in the period of budding-maturing. In addition, water consumption percentage and water consumption per day from flowering to maturing were markedly increased by 8.64%~9.57%, 15.04%~16.02% and 30.52%~31.15%, 16.99%~17.55%,respectively. Moreover, the variation trend of water use efficiency was basically consistent with the grain yield, and the treatment of chemical fertilizers application combined with oil flax residue was the highest and increased by 38.90% and 10.02% compared with no fertilizer and chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity under the chemical fertilizers application combined with oil flax residue and farmyard manure were markedly increased by 57.30%~75.68% and 14.52%~19.18%respectively compared with chemical fertilizers. Therefore, chemical fertilizers application combined with oil flax residue is the optimal fertilization strategies under the condition of the experiment.