| The objective of the study was to examine the influence of photoperiods on the two color morphs(i.e., red and green) of pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris)], red and green color morphs of pea aphid were treated with different photoperiods(10L∶14D, 16L∶8D and 22L∶2D) in different light intensities low(103 μmol?m-2?s-1), middle(212 μmol?m-2?s-1) and high(313 μmol?m-2?s-1), conditios in the temperature of(20±1) ℃, relative humidity(50% ±10%) by use light incubator. The effect of the light intensities and photoperiods on biological characteristics, development, reproduction and life table of pea aphid themselves. Moreover, effect of the light intensity and photoperiod on biological characteristics on the offspring of pea aphid. 1. Effect of light intensity and photoperiod on the biological characteristics and populationfecundity of two color morphs of pea aphid themselves.In the low light intensity, at 10L: 14 D, they were significant difference(P<0.05) to 4 instar, developmental duration, adult longevity and longevity of two color morphs. It was increased to intrinsic rate of increase(rm= 0.25) of the red color morphs than the green(rm= 0.23). At 16L: 8D, they were significant difference(P<0.05) to 3 instar, weight difference, adult longevity, longevity and average fecundity of two color morphs. It was decreased to intrinsic rate of increase(rm= 0.22) of the red color morphs than the green(rm= 0.26). At 22L: 2D, there were significant difference(P<0.05) to 2 and 4 instars of two color morphs. It was increased to intrinsic rate of increase(rm= 0.33) of the red color morphs than the green(rm= 0.29). Relatively slow growth and development of red color morph and green color morph fecundity was strong, therefore the environment suitable for green color morphs and reproduction for artificial rearing of light intensity and photoperiod to provide reference.In the middle light intensity, at 10L: 14 D, they were significant difference(P<0.05) to weight difference, mean relative growth rate, reproductive rate, idiophase and average fecundity of two color morphs. It was increase to intrinsic rate of increase(rm= 0.26) of the red color morphs than the green(rm= 0.24). At 16L: 8D, it was no significant difference(P>0.05) to the 3 instar, other indexes were significant difference(P<0.05). It was increased to intrinsic rate of increase(rm= 0.29) of the red color morphs than the green(rm= 0.23). At 22L: 2D, they were significant difference(P<0.05) of developmental duration, weight difference, mean relative growth rate, adult longevity, longevity, reproductive rate and idiophase of two color morphs. It was increased to intrinsic rate of increase(rm=0.36) of the red color morphs than the green(rm= 0.31). In different photoperiods, the red color morphs were more suitable for growth and reproduction. Compared to red, green color morhs growth and development was relatively slow, red color morphs fecundity was relatively strong, and not conducive to green pea aphid population growth, to red colotr morph growth and development and population reproduction for artificial rearing of light intensity and photoperiod to provide reference.In the high light intensity, at 10L: 14 D, they were significant difference(P<0.05) of 4 instar and reproductive rate of two color morphs. They have both the lowest intrinsic rate of increase(rm= 0.09) of two color morphs. The growth and development of green color morps hand the population propagation of green pea aphid were significantly delayed with the light time, and the green color morphs was more sensitive to the reaction. The green color morphs compared to the more sensitive. At 16L: 8D, they were significant difference(P<0.05) of 1 instar and average fecundity of two color morphs. It was increased to intrinsic rate of increase(rm= 0.13) of the red color morphs than the green(rm= 0.11). At 22L: 2D, they were significant difference(P<0.05) of development duration and reproductive rate of two color morphs. It was increased to intrinsic rate of increase(rm= 0.36) of the red color morphs than green(rm= 0.33). In the different photoperiods, compared with green, red color morphs was more suitable for growth and fecundity. Red color morhs were more suitable for growth and reproduction than green color morphs. 2. Effect of light intensity and photoperiod on the biological characteristics of two colormorphs of pea aphid offspring.In the low light intensity, at 10L: 14 D and 16L: 8D, they were significant difference(P<0.05) to mean relative growth rate, increased to nymphal survival rate, decreased to proportion of alataes of two color morphs. The green color morhs were more sensitive.In the middle light intensity, at 10L: 14 D, they were significant difference(P<0.05) to development duration, increased to proportion of alataes of two color morphs. The growth and development of the light was shorter, and the green color morphs were sensitive to the red color morphs. At 16L: 8D, it was signigicant difference(P<0.05) to mean relative growth rate of two color morhs. It was increased to nymphal survival rate of green color morphs than red color morphs. At 22L: 2D, it was increased to nymphal survival rate and proportion of alataes of red color morphs than green color morphs.In the high light intensity, at 10L: 14 D, they were increased to nymphal survival rate, decreased to proportion of alataes of the red color morphs than green color morphs. The growth and development of the light was shorter, and the green color morphs were sensitive to the red color morphs. At 16L: 8D, It was increased to nymphal survival rate, decreased to proportion of alataes, significant difference(P<0.05) to development duration of two color morphs.Compared with the contemporary: The effects of photoperiods on pea aphids have inherited to F1, they were decreased to nymhal survival rate, increased to proportion of alataes, delayed to growth and development of two color morphs pea aphid in the different photoperiods and high light intensity or at 22L: 2D photoperiod and different light intensity. |
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