Studies On Hami Greenhouse Variety Characteristics And Its Pollination Selection Facilities Of Prunus Avium L.

Object:Without sufficient studies of the cultivated technology and phenomenal characteristics researches, the cherry cultivars in Hami city are still in the lower level of yield and quality. In order to expand the production hectares of the cherry cultivars and to meet with Hami markets, it is remarkably important for the developing of Hami cultivation of cherry production to improve the yield and quality by observing the botanical characteristics and pollen selection in Hami.Methods: This experiment was conducted, in the years of 2012-2014, in the base of production facility of Institute of Agr icultural Sciences Divis ion XIII of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Hami, Xinjiang province. 8 cherry cultivars(Prunus avium L.), Daihong, Hongdeng, Bulukesi, Meizao, Zaoshengfan, Hongshouqiu, Mingzhu and Shamidou, introduced from Dalian Agricultural Academy, were used as test materials to observe the phonological phase, botanical characteristics, growth habits, yield, pollen quantity, pollen germination rate of cherry cultivars. Besides, tests of pollen screening, fruit appearance analysis and internal quality, were also carried out with the purpose of screening out adapting cherry varieties.Results and Conclusion:(1) There were obvious differences in phonological phase among different Cherry varieties in Hami. The blossom of Daihong, Hongdeng, Bulukesi, Meizao, Zaoshengfan, and Hongshouqiu began in February. While Mingzhu and Midou lasted from February to early March, and fruit ripening focused on mid-April. Daihong, Hongdeng, and Maizao were clustered as the fast-developing cultivars with 46 days of the fruit developmental period(FDP), Shamiduo, Mingzhu, Bulukesi, and Hongshouqiu as the normal-developing varieties with 53-56 days of FDP, and Zaoshengf an as the slow-developing variety with 61 days of FDP. In addition, Daihong, Hongdeng and Maizao were clustered as the early maturity varieties and matured in early April, followed by Bulukesi, Zaoshengfan, Mingzhu, Hongshouqiu and Shamidou, matured in mid-late Apr il. But Bulukesi, Zaoshengfan, Mingzhu matured later than the origin, and Hongshouqiu and Shamidou were just the opposite.(2) Eight cherry varieties grew well in the experimental area, and were adapted to the local ecological environment with their botanical characteristics. Studies showed that the self-pollinated rate was very low among eight cherry varieties, and patterns of fruits of cherry cultivars spurred branches with the over 20% of the rate of the branching ability. Overall, the cherry varieties grew quickly in the large canopy, and the fruit set was in general in greenhouse in Hami.(3) The results showed that the optimal pollination materials with Daihong was Meizao, Zaoshengf an and Hongshouqiu. The optimal pollination materials with Hongdeng were Daihong and Meizao. The optimal pollination materials of Bulukes were Daihong, Zaoshengf ann, Mingzhu, Shamidou. Meizao, as well as Daihong, Hongdeng and Hongshouqiu. The optimal pollination materials with Zaoshengf an were Daihong, Bulukes and Hongshouqiu. The optimal of Hongshouqiu were Daihong and Zaoshengf an. The optimum materials of Mingzhu are Bulukes and Shamidou. The optimal of Shamidou are Bulukes and Mingzhu.(4) In this trail, the appearance characteristics of cherry cultivars, such as fruit color, fruit shape, fruit shape index, mean fruit weight, the biggest fruit and edible rate, and the internal characteristics, such as the total soluble solids, soluble proteins, soluble sugar, acids and vitamin–C(Vc) were investigated. The traditional cultivar comparative trial showed that the performances of Bulukes, Zaoshengfan, Mingzhu and Shamidou were superior to others in fruit weight, color and the content of solubility solid, soluble sugar, soluble protein and Vc.