Investigation And Analysis On Key Factors Of Quality Control Of Chicken Meat Products In North China

Currently, with the rapid development of chicken industry, product quality and safety problems in breeding and processing have attracted increasing attention from regulatory departments, consumers and the enterprises in the industry. Factors affecting the quality and safety of chicken products mainly come from heavy metals, veterinary drugs and microorganisms. To fully grasp the production and quality situations of chicken products in the North, this research investigates into and analyzes the status of heavy metals residues, drug residues and microbial contamination of chicken products from chicken processing and production enterprises in the North of China, and proposes the countermeasures and suggestions for improving the quality and safety therein. Specific survey content and results are as follows:(1)Investigation and analysis of heavy metal residues in the North chicken products. Among them, the heavy metal residues include lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury. Relevant heavy metal residues detection data about chicken products of 10 enterprises in 2014 were obtained. According to the sampling method of statistics, four enterprises were chosen, and their data of heavy metal residues in the chicken were also compared in the second to the fourth quarter of 2014. Besides, a comprehensive study was conducted into the changing trend of heavy metal residues in chicken products in the North of China. Statistical results showed that: although certain heavy metal residues were present in some enterprises, they were all within the scope of pollution-free poultry product requirements, with the detection qualified rate of North chicken products in 2014 in terms of heavy metal residues reaching 100%. In breeding, chickens are not polluted by the four kinds of heavy metals, but reasonable measures still need to be taken to reduce the residues.(2) Investigation and analysis of drug residues in North chicken products. Drug residues include chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfonamides, clopidol, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and furazolidone. In the course of this research, we collected seven kinds of drug residues detection date which was from the 10 companies samples of 20 batches of chicken, and obtained the drug residues detection data tables through summarizing and analyzing. According to relevant data analysis of poultry drug residues detection, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to investigate and analyze the drug use for poultry in poultry farmers. It was discovered that there were such behaviors for some poultry farmers as imprudent choice of poultry drugs, absence of drug administration mechanism, unconformity with drug-free provisions and improper drug administration method, which might bring risks to excessive drug residues.(3) Investigation and analysis of microbial contamination in North chicken products. The data of microbial contamination came from Tianjin Dacheng Food Co., Ltd, the statistics of which included the relative quantity and variety of bacteria at the contact surface, types and quantity change of bacteria in pre-cooling water, carcass microbial changes in the slaughtering process as well as the quantity and variety changes of microorganism in refrigerated storage. The results showed that the number of various microorganisms at the carcass surface of chicken changed with the processing, with the number changing trend of total microorganisms declining. Different processing links can effectively hinder the survival of most bacteria, but certain kinds of microorganisms will increase at some links, such as at the pre-washing and pre-cooling links. After the processing, unremoved bacteria can proliferate in product cold storage process and even cause corruption. Therefore, it is important that relevant methods should be adopted after production to reduce the number of bacteria in chicken products.Heavy metal and drug residues are affected by the breeding process, and microbial contamination should be controlled at the links of slaughtering, processing and cold storage. This research, on the basis of summing up the quality problems of North chicken products, combines the statistical data of product detection with the investigation and analysis of drugs used by farmers and proposes relevant countermeasures and suggestions to reduce heavy metal, drug residues and microbial contamination in chicken products. It is expected to not only provide referable value for government regulatory departments in controlling North chicken products quality, but also carry significance in effectively regulating the production management and quality as well as safety of chicken products.