| At some large dairy farms are already using TMR, but the TMR need a lot of money, professional equipment and technical personnel, and must uses the existing service. To a certain extent, it restricted the dairy industry. In recent years in foreign countries, FTMR (fermented total mixed ration) replaces the use of TMR and obtain good results. However, the total number of bacteria and fermentation rate of FTMR are the important factors on FTMR moisture content.Therefore, the objective of the study was to explore the most appropriate moisture content and the most appropriate fermentation days of FTMR, which may be beneficial to the production of dairy cows. The study contains three parts:Part 1 Study on effect of feed quailty on different moisture content during fermentation of TMR which fed dairy cows The changes of the nutrition contents with different moisture content (40%,45%,50%,55% and 60% respectively) of FTMR in fermentation process were mainly studied in this part. FTMR were put into the fermentation bags (with 20 cm width and 40 cm length) and stored at the room after been vacuumed. After 0,2,4,8,16,32 and 70 days of fermentation, sensory evaluation was carried out, nutrient contents and fermentation qualities were determined. The results showed that the sensory characters were well kept during the first 70 days of fermentation containing 40% water of the treatment groups had the highest pH value, containing 60% water of treatment group had the highest NH3-N (%TN) value. Only at the first 70 days of fermentation,45%,50% and 55% treatment groups were higher NH3-N (%TN) value. When the fermentation was less than 16 days, all the FTMR samples were detected acid. 45%,50% and 55% of moisture content is more appropriate moisture content, and fermentation days is less than 70 days and more than 16 days of fermentation for the more appropriate number of days, from the aspects of sensory evaluation, nutrient contents and fermentation qualities.Part 2 Study on the rumen degradabilities of nutritional content of different moisture content of FTMR At this part, took moisture contain of 45%,50% and 55% to ferment 32 days, and then determined the rate of rumen degradation of nutrients was determined, to value effect of the rumen degradibility and effective degradibility of different moisture content of FTMR. Two dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulas were selected to study the rumen degradibility and effective degradibility of different moisture content of FTMR by rumen nylon bag method. The results showed that compared with 45% and 50% treatment groups,55% treatment group has lower DM, ADF, NDF and OM rumen degradibility and effective degradability of CP and ADF. Rumen degradabilty of the other indicators had little effect (P>0.05). In summary, nutritional value on 45% moisture content and 50% moisture content of FTMR for dairy cattle was better than 55% moisture content.Part 3 Effect of FTMR on milking Performance and Somatic Cell Counts in Late Lactation Dairy Cows The objective of this part of experiment was to study the effect of FTMR which moisture content was 45% on milking performance and somatic cell count in late lactation dairy cows. Twenty late lactation dairy cows were selected and randomly assigned to two treatments to compare the effect of FTMR on milking performance and somatic cell count. The control group were fed with fresh TMR, and the treatment group were fed with FTMR. The result showed that FTMR feeding significantly increased the milk yield, milk protein yeild and milk fat yeild (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between two treatments on milk fat, milk protein and somatic cell count. |
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