Research On The Features Of Soil Nutrients And Studying Balanced Fertilization Technology In Dalongtan Tobacco Leaf Production Base

Scientific fertilization has great realistic significance to boost crop yields, save production cost and protect the ecological environment and realize sustainable development of agricultural production,while balanced fertilizer application experiment of NPK is one of the important forms of realizing, scientific fertilization. Panzhihua city, which is located in the edge of southwest Sichuan province, has developed into one of the important high-quality tobacco leaf production base because of its advantageous resources and agricultural ecological advantages. In orderto promote the sustained development of this industry, this paper is to analyze the soil nutrient and the status of the fertility of the Dalongtan tobacco leaf production base. And a series of field trials are carried out to analysis of the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and tobacco-leaf agronomic character in different fertilizer amout on tobacco-leaf base. The main results are as follows:(1) Main soil elements:On the whole, the soil pH value in Dalongtan base unit is 5.1-7.0, which is Suitable for flue-cured tobacco; But the soil organic matter content of the unite is 87.50% which is below average; Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen distribution between 27-135 mg/kg, which is medium; Effective phosphorus content are between 6.56-64.12 mg/kg, which content is rich; Potassium in the soil are between 49 and 448 mg/kg, which is relatively abundant.(2)Soil available medium-ements:The soil exchangeable calcium content distribution mainly concentrates in the 1300-8000 mg/kg, which is extremely rich; Average content of exchangeable magnesium is 957.87 mg/kg, soil basic magnesium deficiency.(3) Soil micro-element:Effective iron, manganese content is rich; Effective copper has flat content distribution; Effective zinc content is relatively rich; Water soluble chloride content is most suitable for flue-cured tobacco growth; Average soil effective boron content is 0.56 mg/kg, with nearly 60% of the sample soil effective boron content is relatively lack, which needs to be added boron fertilizer according to the actual situation.(4) This paper separately discuss Honghuadajin, Zhongyan103 and Yunyan85’s agronomic characters, economical characters which is including the per hectare, increasing production, the relative yield, the value per acre and income, and chemical qualities which is including total nitrogen, alkaloid, total sugar, reducing sugars and the sugar alkali.(5) To analyze the Honghuadajin, with the increasing of NPK, coefficient of leaf area and plant height after rising to reduce; Showed a trend of increase of production, the effect is not obvious to increase production, but output shows the tendency of increase after the first reduce; According to each flue-cured tobacco chemical index, total sugar content, reducing sugar increased after the first reduce trends, not the highest sugar alkali ratio under the condition of nitrogen, nitrogen alkali has no obvious change. According to overall, B2 in terms of the quality of agricultural output value, and chemical performance is good, so Honghuadajin should fertilize N60kg, P2O575kg, K2O375 kg per hectare(6) To analyze Zhongyan 103, under the different fertilizer levels, with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer, leaf area coefficient increases, and with the increase of applying phosphorus content, leaf area increased before they are reduced. With the increase of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, processing production increase, while the output is increased after the first reduce; Yield and output value increased with the increase of applying potassium content increase. As for tobacco leaf chemical quality E2 and E3, F2, F3, D2, D3, the smoke of potassium content is close to 2%, the sugar alkali is about 10, other chemical composition more harmonious. Comprehensive, for Zhongyan 103, whether in agronomic traits, output value and chemical composition, the treatment of E2 is best, and can be used for promotion of fertilizing Zhongyan 103, namely per hectare into N105kg, P2O5105kg, K2O 360kg.(7) To analysis of Yunyan 85, with the increase of applying NPK content, leaf area and yield increase, plant height increases to a certain range later, there is no significant increment; For economic characters, increased after decreased trends; For the chemical quality, total nitrogen, nicotine, alkali nitrogen increase with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer than content and with the increase of phosphorus total sugar, reducing sugar present the trend of increased after decreased, and sugar alkali is not obvious changes, and with the increase of potash, total sugar, reducing sugar, sugar alkali all showed increased after decreased and then has a increased trend. Integrated the above knowable, for Yunyan85’s agronomic characters, the output value and chemical composition, the treatment of G3, H2,13 is best, and can be used for promotion of fertilizing Yunyan85, namely per hectare into N90kg, P2O590kg, K2O345kg.