Effect Of Seedling Transplanting On Growth, Yield And Quality Of Maize(Zea Mays L.)

Maize(Zea mays L.) is the biggest grain crops in China, and the most important food crops by owners. With the change of people’s living standards, the processing industry and the development of animal husbandry, raising a new demands to the quantity and quality of maize. There are six maize varieties in this test. With seedling transplanting and direct seeding of maize, the experiment study the changing of maize’s growth, photosynthetic indexes, physiological and biochemical indices, grain quality and yield,in order to provide some theoretical basis for maize production of Heilongjiang province. The results showed that:(1) The sowing, jointing, tasseling, filling and maturity of maize seedling transplanting is significantly advance than direct seeding. DMY3 of seedling transplanting is the earliest to reach maturity, which is more than DN254, SY7 and SY19 respectively 4, 2 and 3 days. DN253 and XY335 of seedling transplanting’s maturity is more than their direct seeding respectively 13 and 16 days.(2) There are small changes in stem diameter and height of sowing. The stem diameter and height from jointing to maturity of seedling transplanting are less than direct seeding. There are small changes in dry matter accumulation of sowing. The dry matter accumulation from jointing to maturity of seedling transplanting is more than direct seeding.(3) The LAI of all plants are gradually increasing after sowing. Maximum LAI is in tasseling. The LAI of all plants are gradually decreasing after tasseling.The stage’s LAD of seedling transplanting reached significant level than direct seeding. The stage’s LAD of seedling transplanting in the fourth accumulated temperature zone showed DMY3>DN254>SY7>SY19. The stage’s LAD of seedling transplanting in the first accumulated temperature zone showed XY335>DN253.The photosynthetic rate of all plants are gradually increasing after sowing. Maximum photosynthetic rate is in tasseling. The photosynthetic rate of all plants are gradually decreasing after tasseling. The stage’s photosynthetic rate of seedling transplanting is more than direct seeding except sowing and maturity.The stage’s Fo of seedling transplanting is less than direct seeding. The change of sowing, jointing and tasseling’s Fo is not obviously. The difference of all plants’ Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo is not obviously before sowing, which is becoming obviously after sowing.(4) The leaf MAD of all plants are increasing slowly from tasseling to filling, which are increasing quickly from filling to maturity. The difference of seedling transplanting DN253 and XY335’MAD than direct seeding are not obviously before jointing, which are becoming obviously after jointing. The biggest difference is in maturity. The leaf SOD of the first accumulated temperature zone is gradually increasing after tasseling. Maximum leaf SOD is in silking. The leaf POD of the first accumulated temperature zone is gradually increasing from tasseling to silking. The increasing rate of seedling transplanting DN253 is the fastest. Maximum leaf POD is in silking. The leaf POD is gradually decreasing after silking.(5) The yield of seedling transplanting DN254, DMY3, SY7 and SY19 are more than their direct seeding respectively 3.56%, 4.09%, 3.44% and 3.04%. The rate of increasing showed DMY3>DN254>SY7>SY19. The yield of seedling transplanting DN253 and XY335 are more than their direct seeding respectively 5.81% and 6.38%. The rate of increasing showed XY335>DN253. The grain starch content of maize seedling transplanting is less than direct seeding. The grain protein and oil of maize seedling transplanting are more than direct seeding.The yield of maize seedling transplanting is increased obviously.