The Research Of Impacts Of Climate Change On Chinese Rice Production And Efficiency

Global climate change has become an indisputable fact. A Series of weather or climate disasters caused by climate change phenomenon, such as sea level rise, increased extreme weather disasters, flood and drought-prone, have a profound impact on production activities and life of human and the development of human society all the time. Rice is the main food crop in China, planting area in China accounts for about 30% of the total crop acreage, but outputting nearly 40% of the food supply. Its acreage and production are beyond of other food crops. Chinese rice planting in a high coverage. While supply the national’s food,rice is the main source of income for the majority of farmers. China was the first country to grow rice in the word. Chinese rice planting area just behind India, however, rice production is highest in the world, about half of the world’s rice production. Rice is very sensitive to climate change, vulnerable to climate change impacts. Climate change indicators, precipitation, temperature, sunshine hours, chang physiology and ecology of rice by altering paddy ecosystems, and will inevitably have an impact on rice production and productivity.Firstly, from production and acreage analysis illustrates the basic situation of China’s rice production, give a brief description of every paddy cultivation region in geography, climate and rice production; divide 16 main rice producing provinces by calculating the Cumulative proportion of provincial rice production, and comparative analysis the climate changes from 1980 to 2012 for each major rice producing provinces during the period of paddy cultivation. Then, by using the translog production function, calculate the output elasticity of climatic elements of different varieties of rice yield and climate elements contribution rate of four varieties of rice production from 1980 to 2012.Next, compare and analyze the productivity trend of four varieties of rice, and measure influence of climatic factors affecting rice productivity missing. Finally, concludes the text and propose views for how to make adjustments to cope with climate change of different varieties of rice produced in China.The main conclusions of this paper are:1 Flexibility of precipitation is minimum for four varieties rice. Precipitation increases will increase production of indica rice and japonica rice, decreases production of late indica rice and middle indica rice.Flexibility of average temperature is the maximum for the four kinds of rice, the average temperature will rise yield of early rice, indica rice and japonica rice, decrease production of indica rice. Influence of hours of sunshine is relatively large for rice production, the increase of number of hours sunshine will increase yields of indica rice and japonica rice, and reduce productionin of late indica rice and middle indica rice.2 The contribution rate of different climatic factors on different varieties of rice is different, to the growth of early rice yield per unit area is negative contribution, to late indica rice, indica rice and japonica rice production yield per unit area play a role of positive contribution. Growth rate of indica rice yields is only 8.065%, but the contribution rate of climatic factors is the highest of the four varieties rice with 16.739%. Yield growth rates of japonica rice is 13.054%, the contribution rate of climatic factors is 8.911%. Yield growth rate of late indica rice is 10.687%, the contribution rate of climatic factors is only 0.555%.3 Four rice production efficiency emerged as a rising trend, in which fluctuate of japonica rice production efficiency is the most stable. The average productivity of four varieties of rice in descending order is:early indica rice, late indica rice, middle indica rice and japonica rice. Of the four varieties of rice productivity growth, late indica rice is the lowest, is 0.129%, japonica rice is the highest, is 0.988%.4 During the paddy cultivation of early indica rice, precipitation and sunshine hours are significant positive influence productivity loss of indica rice in the 1% level, the average rainfall is significantly negative effect. For the late indica rice production, only precipitation has significant negative impact (the 5% level) on the productivity loss. For the indica rice, during the period of paddy cultivation, Precipitation and average temperature are significantly positive impact on the efficiency loss respectively at the 1% leve and 5% leve. In japonica rice production, precipitation and sunshine have significant positive (1% level) for its lack of efficiency.