| National Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing program, started from 2005, has basically covered all rural counties (cities and districts) in 2009. It is an important fertilizer application technique to Chinese agricultural development.Meanwhile, it issignificant to enrich the soil testing and formulated fertilization theory and it’spopularization and application. Based on five program counties of ecological zones of Sichuan Province (Chengdu plain shills, basin Mountain, the mountain area of southwest Sichuan Basin, northwestern Sichuan plateau), this study analyzed each project county’s promotion of the implementation of formula fertilization by soil testing technology based on the present situation and mode and used entropy method to study the popularization mode effect, in order to provide reference for effectively solve the problem of agricultural technology extension in the "last mile". The main results obtained were as follows.(1) The percentage of plant sample increased from 3.47% to 13.12%, showing that the collection of plant sample attracted more and more attention, but the collection of soil samplestill maintained the most importance. As for field fertilizer experiment in 2013, the percentage of "3414 Trial" takes up 39.58%, while other trailstake up 60.42%. The percentage of "3414 Trial" decreased from 2009 to 2013 with the increasing of other trails, indicating that the form of manure trialgradually changed from "3414 Trial" to other trails; The formulation quantity of economic crops increased from 2009 to 2013, but it only takes up 19.6% of the total formulation, showing that the formulation of grain and soil crops still take the main proportion.The "Reading Form" of Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing program and its training quantity from 2009 to 2013 decreased by 60.60% and 994.00%, while the "Teaching Form" and its training quantity increased by 25.78% and 345.00% with a fluctuated rising trend, respectively. It shows that the promotion and training of "Teaching Form" could stimulate the farmers’ interest in technology much more, which was beneficial to the acceptance of technology. The total increase of Sichuan crop yield from 2009 to 2013 was up to 1782.89 million tons, the decrease of unreasonable fertilization was up to 77.13 million tons, and all of these savings were up to 297.38 billion RMB, showing a significant effectiveness.(2) About the participants of the Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing Program, the professionals of soil and fertilization department in each ecological county was less than 40% of total populations, and there is a significant difference in every ecological county. Thelarge and medium-sized enterprises take up 82% of the the formula fertilizer enterprise in Sichuan province. The most of chemistry laboratory construction area in every ecological county was less than 200 m2. The analysis ability was limited and mainly relied on qualified units for testing. In 70% designated enterprise, the technicians and fertilizer formulators were less than 50 and 5, respectively, showing a weak technical strength, whichlimit the development of new fertilizer products. As for the agricultural participants of each ecological county, higher-educated people were less than 25%, showing a lower education. The household laborers of other ecological counties were less than 5,showing a lack of labours.While the percentage of>5 family labors in northwest plateau area of Sichuan washighesttaking up to 20%. The arable area of agricultural participants in Chengdu, less than 0.67 hm2, was up to 63%, while other ecological counties were less than 0.67 hm2, demonstrating a generally small arable area and significant difference in every ecological county. (3) The determined promotion patterns of Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing in Sichuan contained 11 types, including 6 "Shared" mode each ecological zone, "Agricultural Enterprises cooperation" mode, "The Distribution Chain" mode, "Orientatin Service" mode and "Linkage project" mode, "Testing, Distribution, Production, Supply and distribute" one-stop service mode and "technology-home"mode was involved. Part of the ecoregion held 5 "Unique" mode, including "Company Proprietary" mode and the "Network Marketing" mode in basin hilly region, and the "Coupons" mode in the mountain areas around, the "farmers Association" mode in Southwest of Sichuan province mountain area, as well as the "Supply and marketing cooperative" mode in the Northwest Sichuan plateau area. Different promotion mode of Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing had different subjects, most of them were Government-led extension mode, while few of them were Companies and Farmer-led. The operating mode and procedure were different mainly embodied in different subjects, and each had their own strengths and weaknesses; different promotion mode of Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing in the same ecological conducted different effects, and the same promotion mode of Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing in different ecological areas led to different effects.(4) This research started with technology coverage, arrived rate and used rate, selected participation enterprise number, fertilizer formula number, applies crop number and sales dot number, formula fertilizer application area, formula fertilizer application thousand tons Township number, formula fertilizer application hundred tons village number, formula conversion rate,farmers cognitive degrees, and farmers used rate foe evaluation indicators, used entropy value method on each ecological district measuring soil formula fertilization technology promotion mode for effect evaluation. The result showed:the "Agro-Enterprise cooperation" mode(0.85) in "Shared" mode of Sichuan province had the best reviews; Chengdu plain area with "Distribution Chain" mode(0.86) had the best reviews and "Agricultural enterprises cooperation"mode(0.77) ranked second, but there was small differences between this two; "Agro-enterprise cooperation" mode had the best reviews in both hilly basin and basin-edged mountains, and there was huge difference compared with other modes; In Southwest Sichuan province mountain area, "linkage project"mode evaluated best with large difference with other patterns. Area of Northwest Sichuan plateau in a characteristic "supply and marketing cooperative" mode(0.91) evaluated best, and the evaluation score was much higher than the "Shared" mode in other ecology zone. |
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