| Chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)originated in China,is one of the top ten traditional flowers in China and one of the four cut flowers in the world.With the increasing of People’s life quality and spiritual improving,the expansion of Chrysanthemum is increasing accordingly in domestic and international market.Nowadays,the protected cultivation is a wildly used model of chrysanthemum production.Thus,the accurate adjusting of input fertilizer and water is very important.Based on soil test and fertilizer field test,a more scientific and reasonable application scheme was put forward according to the law of crop fertilizer demand,the performance of soil fertilizer supply and fertilizer effect.The results show that the soil testing formula has the obvious advantages of increasing yield,improving crop quality,improving soil fertility and reducing fertilizer consumption.In this experiment,the nutrient absorption and transportation of cut chrysanthemum were studied under the condition of soil testing and formula fertilization,so as to provide the best fertilization scheme for the whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum ’Nannong Huangfengwo’.Nitrogen is 0kg/hm2(control),75 kg/hm2,150 kg/hm2,225 kg/hm2;phosphorus is 0 kg/hm2(control),60 kg/hm2,120 kg/hm2,180 kg/hm2;Potassium is 0 kg/hm2(control),90 kg/hm2,180 kg/hm2,270 kg/hm2.According to the ’3414’ plan,14 treatments were designed to determine the soil physical and chemical properties,growth indicators,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium nutrient content,nutrient accumulation and fertilizer utilization efficiency of cut chrysanthemum under different fertilization treatments.The main results are as follows:1.Different fertilization treatments had significant effects on the physical and chemical properties of soil.Among them,the pH value of the soil treated with fertilizer showed an overall downward trend in the whole growth period,and long-term application of chemical fertilizer may cause soil acidification.Fertilization treatments could improve the soil available nutrients to a certain extent:at the flowering stage,the ammonium nitrogen content of N1,N2 and N3 treatments increased by 11.33%,5.32%and 19.37%respectively compared with NO treatment;the other treatments had little difference in soil available phosphorus content except for N0P0K0(control);the soil available potassium content of K1,K2 and K3 treatment increased by 4.08%,2.98%and 10.11%respectively compared with N0P0K0(control).The content of soil ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in N2P2K1 treatment with the best growth and quality in the whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum was 16.27%,19.21%and 4.08%higher than that of NoPoKo treatment.2.The application of NPK can significantly improve the growth and quality of cut chrysanthemum in the main growth period,and the growth and quality of cut chrysanthemum under formula fertilization are better than that under conventional fertilization.Among them,N2P2K1 treatment had the best growth:plant height,stem diameter,fresh weight of root,fresh weight of stem,fresh weight of leaf,dry weight of root,dry weight of stem and dry weight of leaf,which increased 1.95%,25.88%,82.05%,41.21%,35.22%,35.29%,39.84%,39.27%respectively.And the flower quality including flower diameter,flower height,fresh flower weight,dry flower weight and stem length of cut chrysanthemum ’Nannong Huangfengwo’ which was fertilized also improved significantly.Among them,the comprehensive quality of N2P2K1 was the best,and the above indexes were 8.29%,23.06%,35.13%,23.58%and 21.90%higher than that of N2P2K2(conventional fertilization).It is recommended that the best fertilization scheme for the whole growth period of cut chrysanthemum ’Nannong Huangfengwo’ is N2:150 kg/hm2,P2:120 kg/hm2,K1:90 kg/hm23.The application of NPK can improve the content of N,P and K in all organs of cut chrysanthemum,but excessive fertilization is not conducive to the absorption and accumulation of nutrients in cut chrysanthemum,and the improvement effect of applying N and K fertilizer is better than that of P fertilizer;different fertilization treatments have a significant impact on the nutrient accumulation of cut chrysanthemum,and the best quality of N2P2K1 treatment is the accumulation of N,P and K respectively.The fertilizer utilization rate of cut chrysanthemum was significantly different among different treatments,which showed that the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer was higher than that of nitrogen fertilizer and that of phosphorus fertilizer,which was consistent with the nutrient accumulation rule of cut chrysanthemum.The utilization rates of N,P and K were 56.10%,12.27%and 89.75%respectively,which were 39.89%,9.67%and 69.46%higher than those of N2P2K2(conventional fertilization). |
PDF Full Text Request