| Peanut is our country’s important economic crops and oil crops with a long history of production.Chinease peanut production in the world is the first one. The Liaoning region produces peanut with good taste, excellent quality, without aflatoxin and many other advantages. Except that it has high market competitiveness at home and abroad. Peanut leaf spot is mainly leading to the disease of peanut production, about crop failure by 20%-25%, seriously more than 30%. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of agricultural industry structure adjustment and planning of peanut economic benefits. Planting area has been increasing year by year, coupled with production in existing cropping.Planting a single species to wait for a phenomenon, resulting in peanut leaf spot disease occurrence and damage of the present trend of increasing year by year, has been a serious threat to the healthy and sustainable development of peanut industry in Liaoning Province. Now chemical control stage still is most effective means to prevent and cure the diseases most conventional, but due to the long time control means without specification and application of pesticide varieties resulted from single pathogen resistance, reducing the effective agents use time, therefore, the standard pesticide use patterns reduce agricultural pesticide pressure and through the regulation of plant resistance has become particularly important. The Liaoning peanut main production areas of the main plant diseases and insect pests and pest species and occurrence and damage the system research, the chemical experiment in the field, with the comprehensive application of foliar fertilizers and bactericides, to establish a set of suitable planting in the peanut in Liaoning Province pesticide use reduction technology, forming in Liaoning Province peanut and the main diseases and pests prevention and control of the security of calendar. Specific research results are as follows:1. Through 2014-2015 years of Liaoning Province, the production area of the multi spot investigation of the control of the development of peanut industry in Liaoning Province, the main types of pests and diseases, as well as the current agricultural production of commonly used in the prevention and control measures. The results showed that the disease of peanut industry in Liaoning main 14 species, peanut web blotch, early leaf spot of peanut and peanut scab disease harm most serious, including peanut web blotch disease and brown spot disease field rate was 100%, occurred in all production areas of the flowers.In the west of Liaoning Province scab prevailed, serious harm to peanut production. The pests of 13 species, especially the underground pests. Aphids and Monolepta hieroglyphica most serious harm.15 species of major weeds, which thorn vegetables. Heavier barnyardgrass and green foxtail and annual broadleaf weeds and gramineous weeds, occurred throughout and on the prevention and cure measures aggregated.2. The establishment of efficient sterilizing agent of peanut leaf spot disease Benzoyl propiconazole (Aimiao) technology using in the field:Drug useing survey found that farmers useing are numerous and diverse, chaos with indiscriminate phenomenon is serious,Benzene-a propiconazole EC (Aimiao) for the city of sale effect better bactericidal agent. Through different fertilizing period, different application concentration,different application interval and different frequency of use to explore, in order to find the standardized application, in order to ensure the relative control effect and strive to reduce the chemical waste, delaying pathogenic bacteria resistance and prolong medicament utilization cycle. The test found that the field control effect and yield of 300g/L benzoyl propiconazole EC of the optimum application time for sowing. The optimum application period of after planting 70-75d. The optimum application concentration of 1000 times, the optimum application interval for 10-15d, the optimum frequency of use for 4-5 times.3. The field test showed that spraying foliar fertilizer could improve the peanut leaf spot disease resistance. Red-indapamide B-Brassica 8000 times dilution, nutrient type foliar fertilizer calcium chloride dilution liquid sodium silicate solution of field control effect of peanut brown spot disease control effect were 31.76%,37.80% and 32.96%,of peanut web blotch disease control effect were 32.11%、45.75% and 39.67%; were better in 7 kinds of foliar fertilizer Red-indapamide B-Brassica the optimum concentration of 4000 times, the optimum spraying times was 2-4 times; calcium chloride was the most suitable concentration of 0.2% dilution, the optimal times for 3 times; sodium silicate optimal number was 4 times, the most suitable concentration of 0.1%.4. Through the integrated use of foliar fertilizer and fungicides, could reduce the incidence and improve the yield of peanut. The results showed that, compared with the control group,0.1% calcium chloride and benzoyl propiconazole EC3000times liquid collocation in the early stage of the disease, spraying two times the highest control effect of calcium chloride, the control effect is 0.1% times of spraying calcium chloride and 0.1% sodium silicate combined with benzoyl propiconazole EC collocation 2,0.1% sodium silicate and benzoyl propiconazoleEC 2 times and 8000 times the collocation Red-indapamide B-Brassica and benzoyl collocation prevention effect was good, could reduce the field performance of 1 time fungicides used.5. Based on the preliminary study of the laboratory, the safety control and prevention of the main plant diseases and insect pests in Liaoning were put forward based on the results of this study, which provided scientific basis for the healthy development of peanut industry in Liaoning. |
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