| At present, the production of kiwifruit is mainly concentrated in New zealand,Italy,China and other countries in the word.As consumer recognition of kiwifruit nutritional value,kiwifruit have been a selling fruit in the world.According to statistics, at present the shaanxi kiwifruit yield and area are the first in our country, and it become the second largest and unique competitive advantage fruit industry in Shaanxi Province. However, there are still many questions in kiwifruit orchard management. Especially the nutrient management is not standard. How to according to the regularity of tree growth and development rules, its nutrient requirement rules to applying fertilizer, apply which kinds of fertilizer and when is the reasonable time are all not clear. These problems have seriously restricted the healthy development of the kiwifruit industry.This paper mainly studied the effect of different formula fertilizer, chloride-containing fertilizer on kiwifruit growth,yield and quality, the soil nutrient content and so on.The purpose is to provide a scientific basis and theoretical basis for reasonable application of the fertilizer.The main results were as follows:1 Analysis of the effect of different formulated fertilizer application.A two-years(from 2013 to 2014) field experiment was conducted on 10 years old Hayward kiwifruit trees, there are two kinds of different nutrient ratio formualted fertilizer,A:16-11-18, B: 21-9-15.The results showed that, 1) Reducing the rate of fertilizer(0.67A+M,T1,200 kg/mu,N : P2O5 : K2 O = 1 : 0.7 : 1.1) the kiwifruit yield was highest,44.47 t/ha,was higher than the treatment A+M, excessive applying fertilizer(300kg/mu)can not increase the kiwifruit yield. Applying the fertilizer(A,T3) that contain higher P and K can improve kiwifruit yield compared with the fertilizer(B,T4) contain higher N.2)With normal application of organic manure, the treatment that applying high K2 O ratio formulated fertilizer the fruit soluble sugar, soluble solids, vitamin C content is higher than the low K2 O ratio formulated fertilizer treated, its fruit has higher hardness and was more conducive to storage.Comparing the same fertilizer treatment, reduce the amount of organic fertilizer, fruit soluble sugar, vitamin C and hardness were reduced.3) The treatment that applying high K2 O ratio formulated fertilizer(A) the leaf chlorophyll content, the potassium concentration of leaves, branches and fruits were higher than the treatment of low ratio K2 Ofertilizer B. 4) The orchard nutrient was surplus with all the treatments.Reduce the rate of the fertilizer(0.67A+M,200 kg/mu),the orchard has the least NPK surplus,the quantity of N、P、K surplus was 374 kg/ha、120kg/ ha、300 kg/ha,respectively. Besides, the residues of mineral nitrogen was the lowest.2 Analysis of the effect of different sulfur and chlorine-based formulated fertilizer application.The experiment was conducted on two kiwifruit cultivars of three orchards in the two main kiwifruit producing area.There are two kinds of different formulated fertilizer,CF1:22-9-14,chlorine-based formulated fertilizer;CF2: 18-7-20,sulfur formulated.The results showed that,1)Applying different formulated fertilizer the kiwifruit yield was increased by10 %-56 % compared with the farmers’ practice(control). Applying the cl-based formulated fertilizer as base fertilizer and S-based formulated as topdressing fertilizer(CF1+CF2) in HengQu orchard, the kiwifruit yield was the highest,18.0 t/ha, increased by 36.1 % compared with the control. 2) Compared with the control, applying formulated fertilizers increased the fruit soluble sugar, vitamin C, sugar/acid content, especially use the two kinds of formulated fertilizer(CF1 + CF2) significantly increased soluble sugar content(Xin Baizhai), vitamin C content(Lv Jiabao).3) The Cl- and SO42-concentration of surface layer soil(0-40 cm) were not affected by the types of the fertilizer(Cl-based fertilizer,S-based fertilizer) application.The soil Cl concentration of 0-20 cm layer was not increased with the rate of the Cl-based formulated fertilizer in all the orchard, but to 40-100 cm layer soil,the Cl concentration increased with the rate of the Cl-based formulated fertilizer.3 Analysis of the effect of the chloride-containing fertilizer application.In this study, different amount of chloride-containing fertilizer were applied on 10 years old Hayward kiwifruit. The yield,quality,soil and leaves chlorine concentration was determined. The results showed that, 1)Applying a range(Cl 170 kg/ha-1481 kg/ha)chloride-containing fertilizer can increase kiwifruit yield,especially applying little chloride-containing fertilizer(170 kg/ha-1481 kg/ha) got the highest yield, 48.7 t/ha 、 51.6t/ha,increased by 26.5 % 、 14.4 %compared with the control(with no chloride-containing fertilizer). The yield decreased with the increasing of Cl rate,the yield lower than the control when applying Cl 1975 kg/ha. 2)Applying chloride-containing fertilizer increased kiwifruit single weight and soluble solids content, improved the sugar/acid ratio, reduced the titratable acid content.The treatment that applying little chloride-containing fertilizer has the highest single weight, soluble sugar,Vc and sugar/acid ratio.3)The leaves Cl concentration increased with kiwifruit growth period and the quantity of Cl, maximum Cl concentration in leaves is1.6%, it less than the normal value(2.0 %). 4)The soil Cl concentration also related to itsdepth and the mount of Cl. In this experiment, the highest soil Cl concentration is 105mg/kg(applying Cl 1480 kg/ha, the soil layer is 80-100 cm), it is far less than its safe concentration(400 mg/kg).In conclusion, the orchard that produce kiwi fruit 3000kg/mu one year, applying 200kg/mu fertilizer that N : P2O5 : K2 O = 1 : 0.4-0.7 : 0.7-1, and use some chloride-containing fertilizer is best. |
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