| Grape is one of the four major fruits in the world. Procyanidin (PC), a group of anthocyanins from grape seeds, is a novel and highly efficient antioxidant. Previous studies have revealed that PC had versatile functions of anti-oxidant, cardiovascular disease prevention, anti-inflammatory, anti-radiation, anti-cancer, anti-tumor and so on, which therefore gets more and more attention from people.In the present study, forty-four grade varieties were collected from Fujian, Shandong, Hebei and other provinces. We then carried out the research of grape germplasm resources to the high content of PC and the functions of anti-aging and hypoglycemia. The main results are as follows: 1、The study on PC content of grape genetic resourcesPC from 37 varieties of grape seeds,44 varieties of grape peels, and 36 varieties of grape stems, were determined and shown as follows:① The content of PC in seeds of different grape varieties ranged from 3.52%-22.36%, and the highest content variety was G7 22.36%, which was 1.55 times higher than Kyoho(control group).② The content of PC in peels of different grape varieties ranged from 0.12%～11.34%, and the highest content variety was G15 11.34%, which was 5.15 times higher than Kyoho (control group) and 94.50 times higher than the lowest content variety(G4).③ The content of PC in stems of different grape varieties ranged from 2.63%-22.90%, and the highest content variety was G27(22.9%), which was 1.57 times higher than Kyoho (control group). 2、Optimization for extraction of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds using response surface methodKyoho grape seed was utilized as experimental material to conduct the single factor and orthogonal experiments. The optimum extraction conditions were obtained as followed:acetone concentration was 75%, the solid-liquid ratio was 1:10, time was 44 minutes and temperature was 51℃, and the predicted value and measured value of proanthocyanidins yield were 2.90% and 2.88%. 3、Anti-aging experimental studies of grape PC in vivoBased on the results of PC standard sample, PC standard sample, PC extracted from the four varieties of grape seeds which were Kyoho (The PC content was 14.39%), G10(22.28%), G28(7.64%) and G19(20.07%), and three varieties of grape peels which were Kyoho, G15 and G8, were used for experiments of anti-aging and anti-oxidant activity in vivo under the PC concentration of 0.20%. The results were shown as follows:① The average longevity,50% Lethal Time(LT50) and the average maximum longevity of Drosophila were both longer than those of the control group. Among them, using female Drosophila as subjects, the LT50 in group of PC standard sample had the longest extension, which was 18.18%(p<0.05) longer than that in the control group. While the average maximum longevity in the group of G19 grape seed was the highest, increasing by 14.49%(p<0.01), by contrast with that in the control group. The average longevity in the group of G10 grape seed was the highest, which were 13.62% (p<0.01) longer than that in the control group.Using male Drosophila as subjects, the average maximum longevity in the group of G10 grape seed was the highest, extending by 15.62%(p<0.01), as compared with that in the control group, whereas the average maximum longevity in the group of PC standard sample group was the highest, which extended by 13.05%(p<0.01), as compared with that in the control group.② The content of MDA was significantly reduced in the drug test group (p<0.01) except G8. Among them, using female Drosophila as subjects, the content of MDA decreased by 20.01%(p<0.01) in the group of G10 grape seed, while it decreased by 18.51%(p<0.01)in the group of PC standard sample and 12.25%(p<0.01)in the group of G28 grape seed, as compared with that in the control group.The SOD activity in the group of G10 grape seed increased by 24.13%(p<0.01) while it increased by 22.19% n the group of PC standard sample and 11.15% n the group of "G28" grape seed, by contrast with that in the control group (p<0.01)When male Drosophilas were the subjects, in the groups of PC standard sample, G10 grape seed and G28 grape seed, the content of MDA decreased by 21.97%,19.25% and 9.98%(p<0.01), respectively, while the SOD activity, increased by 24.93%, 20.22% and 11.15%(p<0.01), respectively, as compared with that in the control group. 4%The hypoglycemic experimental study of grape PC in vivoBased on the results of PC standard sample, three varieties of grape seeds, Kyoho (the PC content was 14.39%),G10 (22.28%) and G28 (7.64%), were selected to extract PC for the experiment of hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant activity in vivo under the 100 mg/(kg·bw·d)-1 dosage of PC. The results showed as follows:① G10 grape seed group had the most significant effect on reducing blood glucose. The blood glucose levels were decreased by 43.26% over that before treatment, "Kyoho" grape seed group was 22.72%, and G28 was 11.42%(p<0.01)② The content of phthalaldehyde (MDA) in serum was 40.23% lower than the diabetic control group in G10 grape seed group (p<0.01), while Kyoho and G28 grape seed groups were 32.16% and 22.05%(p<0.01), respectively. The content of MDA in tissue in G10 grape seed group was 32.70% lower than the diabetic control group, while Kyoho grape seed group was 24.63% and G28 was 0.64%(p<0.01).The activity of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH-PX) increased by 46.31% than the diabetic control group in G10 grape seed group, while Kyoho and G28 grape seed groups were 43.43% and 10.67%, respectively (p<0.01)... |
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