| Chrysanthemum is a miracle of f Iower horticulture in the world, which has been always popular since ancient times.It is widely used in ornamental as well as edible and drinkable plants. Both growth-and-development and photosynthetic characteristics of 19 edible chrysanthemum cultivars are researched to provide theoretical guidance for the production of edible chrysanthemum in Guangzhou area. In addition, The effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and leaf structure of Chrysanthemum cultivars ‘Shengyin no.6’were studied.The main results were as follows:1. The comparison of some important traits of edible Chrysanthemum cultivares With life period changes in nutritive growth and accumulation of nutrient substance,growth traits, such as plant height and leaf, of edible chrysanthemum cultivars showed significant differences in the same batch. According to plant height of edible chrysanthemum in late growth stage cultivars were divided into three categories. The first group with higher plant height ranging from 51.2 to 74.3cm, such as‘Shengyin no.6’,‘Yunyin no.2’,‘Jingxingyuanjun’,‘Huangqiu’. The secong group with plant height ranging from 30.7 to 46.34 cm,such as‘Shuanglichanjuan’,‘Juhuanao’,‘Yunyin no.3’,‘Feizhusanxia’,‘Guohuayinqiangda’,‘Lvmaogui’‘Baoxintangyijin’. The third group with plant height ranging from 19.5 to 25.2cm,such as ‘Huguofuren’,‘Yunyin no.5’,‘Yunyin no.7’,‘Yunyin no.1’,‘Yunyin no.4’,‘Donghaixile’,‘Caoanjinlu’and‘Lvmaogui’.2. The comparison of photosynthetic traits of edible Chrysanthemum cultivares Among the maximum net photosynthetic rate of 19 edible chrysanthemum, the maximum is ‘Huguofuren’with 14.13 μmol CO2m-2s-, minimum ‘Yunyin no.5’with5.89 μmol CO2m-2s-. Light response curves of net photosynthetic rate of all 19 edible chrysanthemum cultivars were rising with light intensity within200μmolm-2s-1in a straight line. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate increased gradually with the increase of CO2 concentration.According to the maximum net photosynthetic rate(Amax) fitted by the light response curve, 19 edible chrysanthemum cultivars were divided into two types. The first group with higher Amax more than 20μmol CO2m-2s-12, such as‘Huguofuren’,‘Jingxingyuanjun’,‘Yunyin no.2’,‘Yunyin no.3’,‘Feizhusanxia’,‘Yunyin no.1’,‘Yunyin no.5’,‘Baoxintangyijin’,‘Yunyin no.4’‘Shengyin no.6’,‘Huangqiu’,‘Juhuanao’and‘Qiansiwanlv’. The second group with lower Amax less than 20μmol CO2m-2s-1, such as‘Guohuayinqiangda’,‘Shuanglichanjuan’,‘Lvmaogui’,‘Yunyin no.7’,’Donghaixile’,‘Caoanjinlu’and‘Lvmaogui’.3. The differences of some physiological traits of edible Chrysanthemum cultivares The content of chlorophyll a ranged from 1.01 to 2.09 mg/g,chlorophyll b from 1.01 to 2.09 mg/g, total chlorophyll from 1.33 to 2.75 mg/g. Soluble sugar content increased first and then decreased, and covered a broad range from 7.90 to 42.52mg/g and the content of soluble protein from 28.93 to 45.18mg/g. According to the total content of the leaves, 19 edible chrysanthemum cultivars were divided into three categories, more content like‘Shengyin no.6’(135.55mg/g), ’Juhuanao’(134.5399mg/g), less ‘ Yunyin no.3 ’( 86.79mg/g),and the rest medium ranging from 101.23 to 128.89mg/g.4. The effects of CO2 enrichment on growth and leaf structure of edible Chrysanthemum cultivares Plant height, leaf number and fresh weight were significantly increased because of CO2 enrichment(T1,700±100μmol mol-1,T2,1000±100μmol mol-1). Content of chlorophyll a/b, soluble sugar and soluble protein of treatment group T1 were 93.8%、111.7% and 112.1% of that of treatment CK. Content of chlorophyll a/b and soluble sugar and soluble protein of treatment group T2 were 93.1%、110.9% and 110.3% of that of treatment CK. CO2 enrichment resulted in the increase of leaf thickness, leaf-hair density of leaf lower epidermis, stomatal density and stomatal area of edible Chrysanthemum. |
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