| Peach fruit moth (Carposina Sasakii Matsmura) is a kind of most important pest on prevention and control of fruit tree planting in the north. At present physical control like bagging method is mainly adopted in our country. The bagging method was invented by Japan and then it was applied to the apple practical cultivation and production. But today, due to the high labor costs and the negative impact of fruit quality, bagging method has been replaced by no bagging cultivation in the most areas of Japan and Korea. With the rapidly development of economy, more and more attention has been paid to improving the quality of life. Under this circumstances, no bagging cultivation technology is the inevitable trend in the future. However, pollution-free control with no bagging technology of peach fruit moth is still in the exploratory stage.Calyx covering method depends on the insects’ oviposition behaviours, which is ovipositing on the calyx of apple.This pollution-free method could prevent adult lay eggs in calyx, and the coverings would be removed before the apple picking postharvest or after. Our laboratory has been proposed a physical barrier method about using foam as calyx coverings to control Carposina Sasakii Matsmura. In this paper, further exploration was proceeded which aiming at calyx covering method for Carposina Sasakii Matsmura, in order to provide reserve for apple no bagging cultivation technology.This article was divided into three parts, the first part used filter paper eggs card, suede wallpaper eggs card, fastening eggs card, cover glass lacune, wax lacune and preservative film lacune to explore the preference characteristics of adult oviposition surface. And the behavior of adult oviposition in different environmental stress were observed, thus clear the covering selection criteria of the calyx covering method.The results show:1) Peach fruit moth adult preference oviposition surface must be soft and the width must be smaller than the eggs diameter.2) When suitable oviposition physical surface were provided to adult, the pre-oviposition and female life span has a tendency to be shorten.3) Small space stress cannot influence the activity of adult, but the amount of oviposition.4) Smooth stress has significant effects on the amount of eggs laid ang pre-oviposition, but not on the hatching rate and longevity.The second part tried to design a quantitative spray glue guns, then improved foam covering method according to the above covering selection criteria with a layer of liquid membrane covering on the surface of the foam to modified foam surface properties. It have effectively prevented laying eggs. Select the appropriate film forming matter for further modification from poly vinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium alginate, epoxy resin, liquid film of fruit,705 silicone rubber, white glue, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyacrylate emulsion, polymerization MDI and wax. Then there are the control test, the weathering test and the security test to select a smooth, well thixotropy, closely fit fruit surface and removing easily film. At the same time the covering film must have outstanding effect of prevention and control to improved the phenomenon that adult always laid at the junction of the foam and fruit. The results are as follows:1) Designed the two kinds of glue gun, but not it made real.2) Foam covered by 50% acrylic resin have the best indoor control effect and weather resistance ability.3) The acrylic resin foam covering method was proved safety.There was no toxic substances (MDI, TDI, DMF) detected, and no significant differences between the CK and the treatment on decay index and the time of first rot spot.4) About 298 yuan/mu will be saved by acrylic resin foam covering method compared with the bagging method.The third part tried to replace the previous foam with 705 silicone rubber and the gas phase silica were added in 705 silicone rubber to improved its viscosity, which made it better cover calyx. Then make the control test, weathering test and security test. Test results are as follows:1) Acrylic resin 705 silicone rubber covering method and acrylic resin foam covering method are all excellent on interior control effects, weather resistance ability.2) Though the coverings were never removed from the apples, they were colored well in the field weathering test. Because of the transparent mulch, the calyx can accept more pervious light, there is no need to remove the covering before harvest and also no possibility of sunscald. This is the advantages of acrylic resin silicone rubber covering method.3) The safety of the acrylic resin silicone rubber covering method is proved well. There was no significant difference between the CK and the treatment group on the decay index and the first rot spot time.4) 228 yuan/mu will be saved by acrylic resin silicone rubber covering method compare with the bagging method, but 70 yuan/mu expensive than acrylic resin foam covering method. |
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