Y-SNP,Y-STR,Y-CNV AndPaternal Origin Of Domestic Bactrian Camel In China

In order to provide scientific values for resource protection and utilization of domestic bactrian camel in China, there is a need to detect molecular markers on Y chromosome to explore paternal origin and phylogenetic relationship. In present study, we collected blood samples of male domestic bactrian camel from 7 groups in Hexi, Qinghai, Alashan, Sunite, Nanjiang, Beijiang and Dongjiang region, then Y-SNPs were screened by sequencing part of USP9 Y, UTY, DBY and SRY genes to explore phylogenetic relationship and paternal structure of Chinese domestic bactrian camel. Y-STR were studied by automated fluorescence-based technology to reveal paternal origin of domestic bactrian camel in China. Furthermore, copy number and CNV status of HSFY and SRY were detected by Quantitative Real-time PCR to lay the foundation for phylogenetic relationship and correlation between CNV and reproductive performance of male samples. 1. Y-SNP and paternal origin of domestic bactrian camel in ChinaThe fragments of USP9 Y, UTY, DBY and SRY genes were screened with 29 male-specific primers by sequencing. Except for SRY, fragments of other genes showed no mutation site was identified, therefore we concluded lower levels of variation on Y chromosome and single paternal origin of domestic bactrian camel in China. We first founded SRY was a multicopy gene. 2. Y-STR and paternal origin of domestic bactrian camel in ChinaY-STR were screened by automated fluorescence-based technology and a microsatellite locus was first founded. All the samples were compared and the result showed that the allele size were 241 bp, 243 bp and 247 bp, respectively, thus the microsatellite locus in present study was polymorphic. In terms of all the samples, the frequency of 243-bp allele was 79.0%, which was higher than that of other alleles, indicating that the allele was dominant.The alleles were different in different groups. The allele size of Nanjiang group, Hexi group and Alashan group were only 243 bp. The allele size of Sunite group were 241 bp, 243 bp and 247 bp, the frequency of which were 17.4%, 52.2% and 30.4%, respectively, while other groups owned 241-bp and 243-bp alleles.In Xinjiang region, 243-bp allele was dominant, the frequency of which was 79.5%, whereas 241-bp allele accounted for 20.5%. In Inner Mongolia, 241-bp, 243-bp and 247-bp alleles accounted for 13.3%、63.3% and 23.3%. In addition, the microsatellite locus could apply to sex determination of domestic bactrian camel. 3. Identification of copy number of HSFY, SRY and paternal origin of domestic bactriancamel in ChinaIn present study, copy number of HSFY and SRY of domestic bactrian camel in China was first studied by Quantitative Real-time PCR. The result showed that copy number of HSFY ranged from 1 to 3 and copy number of SRY ranged from 1 to 9, which indicated HSFY and SRY were multicopy. 4. Y-specific primers in this study can be used to identify sex in domestic bactrian camel.