The Research Of Facility Grapes Chilling Requirement And Calorific Requirement In Ningxia

Facility fruit cultivation can realize anti-season fruit supply, increase the economic benefit, has become a new type of high efficient cultivation mode in the northwest region with the quick development. In facility fruit cultivation, it has an important meaning for deciduous fruit trees facility cultivation scientific management that accurate grasp of chilling quantity deciduous of fruit trees dormancy, the exact time of dormancy breaking, and the calorific requirement of flowering and bud. Because the chilling requirement and calorific requirement of many facilities fruit trees is undefined, the length of quiescent stage in the traditional management and uncover straw mat heating time are unable to grasp accurately, so facilities the environment management is confusion. By measuring chilling requirement and calorific requirement of eight grape varieties in three years in the same environment conditions,to analyze environment temperature characteristics in traditional management and explore the influence of soil temperature on facility grape seedling stage. The results show:(1) The grape varieties with higher chilling requirement need the higher calorific requirement, and the grape varieties with higher calorific requirement need the higher chilling requirement; in eight grape varieties, sweet princess grapes need the lowest calorific requirement and chilling requirement, Red earth, seedless red, Weike need the highest calorific requirement and chilling requirement. Otilia seedless, auguste, Manicure Finger, Zaoheibao need the middle calorific requirement and chilling requirement; the calorific requirement and chilling requirement show power function positive correlation. In 2012-2015 the correlation coefficient respectively are 0.834,0.693 and 0.706;(2) The chilling requirement of facility grape exists difference between the annual cumulative value, the annual cumulative value of<7.2 model has the most obvious, the annual cumulative value of Utah model has the lest obvious, the model of Otilia seedless, auguste, Manicure Finger, Zaoheibao, Weike, Red earth(3) Under the traditional management condition, from quiescent stage to forming stage, the air and soil temperature of warm shed is higher than chilling shed. The air temperature in both warm shed and chilling shed rises quickly, the soil temperature in warm shed rises to 14℃, the soil temperature in chilling shed rises slowly to 4-101:below the zero degree in biology. in quiescent stage of warm shed and chilling shed, in Sunny day, cloudy day the soil temperature shows 30cm> 20cm> 10cm, in forming stage in sunny day the soil temperature shows 10cm> 20cm> 30cm, at night the soil temperature shows 30cm> 20cm> 10cm; 4) in two facilities dormant grapevine positive correlation with germination of air temperature and soil temperature showed a linear correlation equation, hothouse grapes Koupeng dormant period, then the thatch of germination temperature and ground temperature correlation coefficient 0.9375,0.8735, cold shed grape buckle shed dormant period, then the thatch of germination temperature and ground temperature correlation coefficient 0.6515,0.7127;(4) In two kinds of facilities with quiescent stage and forming stage, Air temperature and soil temperature linear correlation equation are positively correlated, and the correlation coefficient of air temperature and soil temperature in warm shed are 0.9375、0.8735; the correlation coefficient of air temperature and soil temperature in chilling shed are 0.6515、0.7127; if the chilling requirement of facility grape is satisfied, the calorific requirement of forming stage is lower with the higher chilling requirement cumulative value in quiescent stage, they have a certain complementary relationship; after meeting the chilling requirement, the higher soil temperatures can shorten the time of the bud; with adopting the heat model, the effective accumulated temperature model, the maximum accumulated temperature model, and basing on soil temperature and air temperature, the estimated calorific requirement shows the complementary relationship.