| Cistanches Herba, a member of the family(Orobanchaceae), is the dry rhizome with leaves of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma. In the past few years, the survival rate of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma is generally low by artificial cultivation. For its seeds have physiological and morphology dormancy, the effective method need urgently to break dormancy and promote germination. Besides of using as medicinal material which was made into slices after drying, the fresh stem of Cistanche deserticola also treated as food material for its sweet and delicious taste. The mar ket demands are rising gradually, but the related fresh-keeping technologies are few mentioned. In the paper,Cistanche deserticola was selected as research material. Its seeds were studied to find for the breaking dormancy method,and its fleshy stems were researched for screening the best fresh-keeping way. The main results are summarized as follows:1. It was found that temperature had obvious effect on the quality of fresh Cistanche deserticola’s stem during storage. When they were stored at 4 degrees, antioxidant enzyme activity increased less, and the PPO activity was the same as antioxidant enzyme activity. At 30 days, the drops in antioxidant enzyme activity were slow while the content of MDA kept relatively low. It implied that low-temperature could reduce membrane peroxidation to remain the integrity of the cell membrane system. At the same time, those were lightened on the degree of browning, softening, decay and metamorphism, and the valuable compositions which included echinacoside and verbascoside reserved a relatively high level during Cistanche deserticola storage. However, the opposite phenomenon was seen at 25 degrees. Sensory quality and the effective composition content of Cistanche deserticola were decreased rapidly because of the accumulation of membrane lipid peroxidation products. It was better for Cistanche deserticola stored at 4 degrees.2. There were differences in the influence of packing method for Cistanche deserticola. The study of package materials suggested that vacuum packaging could reduce weight loss rate and prevent water loss of fleshy stems. Comparing nitrogen with no nitrogen in vacuum packaging bags, the former could control weight loss rate within 10 percent. In addition, vacuum packaging with nitrogen could also significantly inhibit the accumulation of MDA content which was the product of membrane lipid peroxidation, lower the activity of PPO, delay the peak value of SOD, POD and CAT activity. Vacuum packaging with nitrogen had the best fresh-keeping effect, followed by vacuum packaging and PE-fresh-preserving-film. At 4 degrees, the total effective components Cistanche deserticola packed by vacuum packaging with nitrogen remained at 0.43 percent, up from 0.13 percent in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.So the better way to keep Cistanche deserticola’s stem fresh was vacuum packaging with nitrogen stored at 4 degrees.3. The effect of lamination at kinds of temperature for several days on Cistanche deserticola’s seeds showed that lamination could break dormancy in some degree. Seed dormancy period was shortened and seed germination was earlier than no treatment. The vigor and the germination rate of laminated seeds was form 8.87 percent to 55.45 percent and 2.67 percent respectively higher than no laminated seed. Seed vigor, germination rate and germination potential were gradually increased with the time prolonged during 30 ~ 90 days. However, when time of lamination went beyond 90 days, all above mentioned three indexes appeared the opposite trend. Compared with others time of lamination, a few seeds in every trial groups germinated and the three indexes were higher at the end of 90 days. Among various laminated temperature, the seed vigor, which reached 50 percent rapidly, was 10 percent higher than others at day-night temperature stratification and at the end of 30 days. The best lamination condition to breaking dormancy was to store at day-night temperature stratification for 90 days.4. The effect of different exogenous hormones on Cistanche deserticola’s seeds showed that all of GA3, 6-BA and IAA could improve the seed germination rate and germination potential by means of L 9(34) orthorhombic experimental method. Comparing hormones-adding with no hormones, the former could increase germination rate by 2.67 percent to 10.00 percent. The best hormone combination was screened among nine kinds of hormone mixture. For example, the amount of seed germination was the most when they were added 4.3μmol/L GA3, 0.7μmol/L 6-BA and 5.8μmol/L IAA, and the seeds started germination seven days earlier while they were added 4.3μmol/L GA3, 1.4μmol/L 6-BA and 8.7μmol/L IAA. Variance analysis showed that GA3 had significant effect on the seed germination(P<0.05), and the effect of 6-BA and IAA were not significant(P>0.05). GA3 was followed by IAA, which followed by 6- BA. |
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