Effects Of Microbial Fertilizer On Growth, Quality And Soil Characteristics Of Foodstuff And Feedstuff Maize

To determine the effect of chemical fertilizer partly replaced by microbial fertilizer on maize growth and soil, a field experiment was conducted in Gansu Wuwei, a main maize planting region. Microbial fertilizer exclusively created for maize, which produced with strains screened in early stage, was seed dressed and applied with chemical fertilizer together. Emerging from the results were that:(1) The combined application of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer affected the agronomic traits, yield component and yield of maize obviously, among which the treatment of 85% of chemical fertilizer + microbial fertilizer had the best effect.Compared with 100% chemical fertilizer treatment, this treatment had the agronomic traits and yield component of maize in the harvest stage increased significantly, with overground biomass, hundred-grain weight and panicle weight increasing 1.8%, 1.5% and 0.3%,respectively. Economic yield and hay yield grew significantly and both were 1.5% higher than that of 100% chemical fertilizer treatment. The content of crude protein and soluble sugar in this treatment increased by 2.8% and 41.2%, while the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber content fell dramatically. The efficiency of solar energy utilization in the treatment of 85% of chemical fertilizer + microbial fertilizer facilitated by 4%.Meanwhile, this treatment had net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased,while had intercellular CO2 concentration dropped, with income increment reaching604.828 yuan /hm2.(2) In the treatment of 85% of chemical fertilizer + microbial fertilizer, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and total phosphorus were 1.5%,2.2%, 0.8% and 1.8% increased compared to 100% chemical fertilizer treatment,respectively. At the same time, compared with CK, organic matter and total nitrogen content in the treatment of 85% of chemical fertilizer + microbial fertilizer were 52.9% and18.5% enhanced, and the content of rapid available phosphorus and total phosphorus were boosted by 9.2% and 6.8% and significantly higher than that in other treatments. The content of four enzymes including Catalase, Urease, Phosphatase and Invertase were enhanced, which indicated that chemical fertilizer partly replaced by microbial fertilizerwas conductive to advance soil fertility.(3) Compared with 100% chemical fertilizer treatment, microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N in the treatment of 85% of chemical fertilizer + microbial fertilizer increased by 2.7% and 7.1%. While compared with CK, microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N in this treatment increased by 40% and 18.5%, respectively.Meanwhile, the quantity of soil microbial bacteria and Actinomycetes were notably increased. This indicated that chemical fertilizer partly replaced by microbial fertilizer could improve microorganism activity.(4) Microbial fertilizer contributed to boost soil microorganism diversity, among which 85% chemical fertilizer + microbial fertilizer treatment had microorganism species increased by 12.5% than 100% chemical treatment, and with more beneficial bacteria produced such as Frankia sp.and Propionibacterium sp.. Under the uniform reduction of chemical fertilizer, microbial fertilizer application could facilitate soil microorganism diversity. The treatment of 85% chemical fertilizer + microbial fertilizer improved the diversity of soil microorganism significantly, with Pseudomonas fluorescence becoming the dominant species. Nevertheless, chemical fertilizer application would drop microorganism diversity and its negative effects grew with the amount of chemical fertilizer increasing. The microorganism species in CK and microbial fertilizer application treatments were 56.2% and 37.5% higher than that in 100% chemical fertilizer treatment.Microbial fertilizer application had no negative effects on soil microorganism diversity,and the combined application of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer was conductive to abate the effects of chemical fertilizer on soil microorganism diversity. There were plenty of uncultured microorganism in soil samples, and they accounted a large part of total microorganism, besides, Bacillus was the dominant microorganism in soil.