| Firstly, the species of wild mushroom in Yanshan Mountains of Hebei Province were investigated and their ecological characteristic was analyzed in this thesis. Secondly, the extracts from five kinds of wild mushrooms, including Chroogomphis rutillus, Hygrophorus lucorum, Lactarius pubescens, Lactarius hatsudake, Helvella elastica, were prepared by using different pola organic solvent. Also, five kinds of polysaccharide were obtained via using hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation. The antioxidant active component of each organic extracts was analyzed and the antioxidative activity of every extracts was measured in vitro or vivo.The results were as follows:1. During last three years, 119 species wild mushrooms were investigated in Yanshan Mountains in rainy season (from July to October every year). These fungi belonged to 2 subphylums, which are Basidiomycotina and Ascomycotina, 4 classes, 8 orders, 32 families and 55 generas. Among the mushrooms, 61 species belonged to edible fungus, 25 species belonged to medicinal fungus, 11 species belonged to toxic fungus, 22 species to unclear utilization. On the other hand, 48 species belonged to ectomycorrhizal fungus and 48 species belonged to saprophytic fungus.2. The extracts from Chroogomphis rutillus, Hygrophorus lucorum, Lactarius pubescens, Lactarius hatsudake, Helvella elastica, were obtained by using different pola organic solvent, including petroleum ether (PE), ethylacetate (EA) and ethanol (Eth). Then polysaccharides from five kinds of mushrooms were obtained by using hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation.The contents of antioxidant component, including triterpenes, polyphenols, and flavonoids were measured. As a result, there were different triterpenes among every organic extracts from five fruitbodies. Among all organic extracts, there were more content of triterpenes in three kinds of extracts, including EA-soluble portion from A. pratensis and G. rutilus, PE-soluble portion from A. pratensis, the content was 29.2%, 25.7% and 24.1%, respectively. The contents of triterpenes in the other extracts were lower than 17%. The contents of total phenols in the PE-soluble portion from G. rutilus and L. pubescens were same to the EA-soluble portion from G. rutilus and L. pubescens, which were 53.4% and 33.92%, respectively. The contents of total phenols in the other extracts were lower than 21%. Besides the three kinds of extracts from G. rutilus contained higher flavonoids ingredient (4.62% of PE-soluble portion, 3.11% of EA-soluble portion, 2.9% of Eth-soluble portion ), the other extracts contained lower flavonoids ingredient than 0.3%.3. The antioxidant assays of every extracts in vitro were carried out by four methods, including DPPH radical-scavenging method, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, determination of reducing power and metal chelating activity. The results showed that each extracts from four kinds of fruitbodies exhibited antioxidant activity in vitro.The ability of scavenging DPPH·free radical of the organic extracts from G. rutilus was the best in all extracts from five kinds of mushrooms. Under the concentration of 10 mg/mL, the percent rate of scavenging DPPH·of the EA, PE, Eth-soluble portion was 16%, 199.5%, 93%, respectively, reached to or exceeded with that of BHA and Vc.The inhibitions of lipid peroxidation of the organic extracts from G. rutilus and A. pratensis were the strongest in all extracts from five kinds of mushrooms. Under the concentration of 10 mg/mL, the percent rate of inhibiting lipid peroxidation was 105.2% of EA-soluble portion from A. pratensis, 104% of PE-soluble portion from A. pratensis, 101.3% of EA-soluble portion from G. rutilus, 101% of Eth-soluble portion from G. rutilus, 97.6% of Eth-soluble portion from A. pratensis, 88% of PE-soluble portion from G. rutilus, respectively, reached to or exceeded with that of BHA and Vc.The ability of reducing power of the organic extracts from G. rutilus was the best in all extracts from five kinds of mushrooms. Under the concentration of 10 mg/mL, the OD value of the PE, EA, Eth-soluble portion from G. rutilus was 0.467, 0.388, 0.300, respectively.The abilities of chelating metal ions of the organic extracts from G. rutilus were the strongest in all extracts from five kinds of mushrooms. Under the concentration of 10 mg/mL, the percent rate of chelating metal ions of each extracts from G. rutilus was 98.6% of PE- soluble portion, 93.2% of EA-soluble portion, 91.4% of Eth-soluble portion, 88% of polysaccharide portion, respectively.Moreover, the percent rate of chelating metal ions of polysaccharide portion from A. pratensis and H. elastica also reached to 95.3% and 94.6%, respectively. 4. Aged mice caused by D-galactose were perfused by Eth-soluble portion of G. rutilus using ascorbic acid (Vc) as control. The results showed that the Eth-soluble portion of G. rutilus could significantly increase the activities of SOD and GSH-px and decrease the content of MDA in serum and liver of mice. These suggested that the Eth-soluble portion of G. rutilus could increase the antioxidant ability of aged mice in vivo. |
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