| Objective:Hypertension is a common problem in adults, especially in older persons. It is the major risk factors of stroke, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and renalfailure; all are important contributors to mortality and functional disability. Prehypertension significantly increased the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD). A large of studies describing the demographic and clinical characteristics of hypertensive people had been reported. The distributing characteristic of risk factors of hypertension such as smoking, serum creatinine and so on in population with normal blood pressure(BP) was controversial. So we chose Chinese Hans with normal blood pressure-prehypertension and optimal BP-as objectives to explor the demographic and clinical characteristics so as to provide fundamental date for clinical studies.Methods:We examined complete baseline data on 1893 participants aged 18 to 88 years old who were enrolled in multi-communities from July 2012 to July 2013. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. We collectted baseline data by questionnaires including general situation, smoking habits, history of chronic diseases, family history, anthropometric information, laboratory information, according to MONICA protocol. Anthropometric information included height and weight. Laboratory information included fasting plasma glucose(FPG), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), red blood counts(RBC), hemoglobin(HGB), platelet count(PLT). Participants were asked to avoid caffeinated beverages, smoking and exercise for at least 30 min, and BP measurements were taken after the participants were allowed to rest quietly for at least 5-10 min. Three BP measurements(2 min between each) were obtained for each individual by trained nurses, who were part of the Health Management Center, with a mercury sphygmomanometer. The first and fifth Korotkoff sounds were recorded as systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP), respectively. During the measurements, the participants were seated with the arm supported at the level of the heart. The mean of three BP measurements was calculated and recorded. Laboratory studies, including serum chemistries, complete blood count were obtained at the screening visit and sent to a central laboratory for analysis. Continuous variables are summarised as mean + /- standard deviation( SX ?). Categorical variables were summarised as the percentage. For categorical variables, differences between groups were analyzed using χ2 testing. For continuous variables, differences across groups were analyzed using an ANOVA model, and differences between pairs of groups were analyzed using t tests, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictive factors for prehypertension. All statistical calculations were performed using SPSS 13.0 software, P<0.05 think the difference was statistically significant.Results:1 The general situationA total of 1893 adults aged 45.49±14.67 years old on average were enrolled in the study, including 59.5% male(1126 of 1893), 26.9% northern Chinese(510 of 1893), 43.7% participants aged 45 to 64 years. Baseline mean SBP and DBP were 113.8 ± 12.1 mm Hg and 71.6 ± 8.2 mm Hg, respectively. The proportion of prehypertension in Hans with normol BP was 44.9%(850 of 1893).2 Male versus FemaleThe male has greater SBP, DBP, RBC, HGB, body mass index(BMI) and prevalence of prehypertension(P<0.05 for all groups). As more male was significantly more likely to have higher TG and was significantly less likely to have higher TC and HDL-C compared with female(P<0.01 for all groups). No differences were seen between male and female in LDL-C(P=0.60).3 North China versus South ChinaParticipants has greater SBP, DBP, RBC, BMI, PLT, average age and slower heart rate(HR) in northern area than in southern area(P<0.05 for all groups). Participants were significantly more likely to have higher FPG and prevalence of IFG, DM and prehypertension in northern area than in southern area(P<0.01 for all groups). The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was higher with greater TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C in northern area than in southern area(P<0.05 for all groups).4 Comparisons between three age groupsSummary variables were compared for 3 age groups:≤44 years(n=861), 45 to≤64 years(n=827), and≥65 years(n=205). The notable age-related observations in the total population included a greater prevalence of IFG(P<0.01) and DM(P<0.05) as well as SBP, FPG, HDL(P<0.05 for all groups) among older groups than youger groups.5 Overweight and Obesity versus Normal BMIOverweight and obese groups had greater prevalence of IFG and prehypertension than normol group(P<0.05 for all groups). With the increase of BMI, SBP increased as well as DBP, TG and RBC(P<0.05 for all groups). On the contrary, HDL-C decreased with BMI increasing(P<0.05).6 Risk factors associated with prehypertensionAge(OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.44, P<0.01), male sex(OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.45, P<0.01), BMI(OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.20, P<0.01), HR(OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03, P<0.01), TG(OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.04, P=0.015), Northern area(OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.86, P<0.01) and the history of cerebrovascular disease(OR=6.02, 95% CI 2.05 to 17.67, P<0.01) were significantly associated with prehypertension.Conclusions:1 in chinese Hans with normal BP, population were significantly more likely to have greater prevalence of dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose regulation and prehypertension in male, northern area, olderly, overweight and obesity compared with female, southern area, youth and people of normal BMI.2 the condition of prehypertension was associated with male, body mass index, age, heart rate, the history of cerebrovascular disease, triglycerides, North China, especially cerebrovascular disease. |
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