| ObjectiveTo provide experimental basis for development and utilization of 1,3-diacylglycerol (1,3-DG), we examine its toxicological safety. To research the metabolic pathways of 1,3-DG in the intestinal epithelial, we also measure the content changes of 1,3-DG and triacylglycerol (TG) in the intestinal lumen and the intestinal epithelium. To explore the healthy mechanism.MethodsBased on procedures for toxicological assessment of food,acute toxicity test, Ames test, mice sperm abnormality test, bone marrow cell micronucleus test, and thirty-day feeding test were used to assess the toxicity of 1,3-DG. The Acute toxicity test was used to observe the general condition. Ames test,mice sperm abnormality test, and bone marrow cell micronucleus test were used to measure the adverse effect of the test substance on animal genetic. The thirty-day feeding test was used to explore the general condition, weight gain, hematology and blood chemistry indices and pathological changes of the experimental animals, and to analyze the influence of long-term 1,3-DG feeding in rats.The experimental animals were divided into normal control and hypertriglyceridemia model group. After successful modeling, the food containing 1,3-DG and TG were feed respectively. At the same time, we obtained the set time, measured the lipids content in the small intestine lumen and intestinal epithelial cells of rats, analysed the re-esterified approach in the rat intestinal epithelial.Results1. The results of acute toxicity test showed that for male and female, the oral LD50 of mice were greater than 15000mg/kg· bw. Thus on the basis of the grading criteria of acute toxic dose,1,3-DG is a non-toxic substance.2. The results of Ames test showed that the effect of 1,3-DG on the salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102,in 0.2,0.5,1.0,2.5,5.0mg/dish five dose groups were negative, with or without S9.3. Micronucleus test showed that compared to the control group, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in micronucleus rate in each dose group, and the micronucleus frequency were in the normal range. Compared to each dose group or negative control group, there was significant differences (P<0.01) in micronucleus rate in the positive control group. While the rate of PCE/NCE was greater than 0.1, it was in the normal range. It showed that the 1,3-DG did not change the mice polychromatic erythrocytes micronucleus rate under the experimental conditions.4. The results of the sperm abnormality test showed that there were no significant difference (P>0.05) in sperm deformity rate, when compared 1,3-DG each dose group sperm abnormality rate to the negative control group. There were significant difference (P<0.01) in sperm deformity rate, when compared the positive control group to the each dose group and negative control group. It showed that the 1,3-DG did not alter abnormal sperm rate.5. The thirty-day feeding test showed that there were no significant adverse effects on the growth and development, hematology, biochemistry, and histopathology for the experimental rats.6. Compared to the TG group, the content of 1(3)-MG in intestinal lumen was higher in DG group, but the content of 2-MG was lower. There were no significant difference in the 1,2(2,3)-DG content between the two groups. It showed that the 1,3-DG was hydrolyzed to 1-MG and free fatty acid firstly in the intestinal, and the TG were hydrolyzed to 2-MG and free fatty acids firstly in the intestinal lumen.7. In the small intestine epithelium, the content of 1-MG in DG group were first increased and then decreased over time. And the content of 1,3-DG also were first increased and then decreased. But there were no significant change in TG group. The results indicated that the 1-MG was synthesize to 1,3-DG under the influence of related enzymes in the intestinal epithelial cells. Compared to the 1,3-DG group, the content of 2-MG and 1,2-DG in TG group were higher obviously. It showed that there were the 2-MG can partly synthesize 1,2-DG, and further synthesize TG in the intestinal epithelium. The 1(3)-MG may rarely synthesize TG by this route.ConclusionsThe results of acute toxicity test,Ames test, mice bone marrow micronucleus test, sperm abnormality test and 30 days feeding test showed that 1,3-DG did not harm to experimental animals. The 1,3-DG may be safety in toxicology under the experimental conditions.The metabolic pathways of 1,3-DG in intestinal lumen and intestinal epithelial cells showed that TG were firstly decomposed into 2-MG and FFA in the intestinal lumen, and then the 2-MG and FFA were absorbed into the intestinal epithelial cells. Under the action of related enzymes they were firstly synthesized 1,2(2,3)-DG and further TG.1,3-DG were firstly decomposed into 1(3)-MG and FFA in the intestinal lumen, and then the 1(3)-MG and FFA were absorbed into the intestinal epithelial cells.1,3-DG were synthesized in the intestinal epithelial cells, and further TG.The difference may be one of the healthy mechanisms. |
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