The Modeling Of Phenol Burn And The Choice Of Decontamination Strategies

Objective:To explore the morphology of rat skin burned by Phenol (90%), build the model of second degree of burn by phenol. We analysis the result of the different decontamination and try to search for the more efficacy of phenol decontamination strategiesMethods:Establishment of rat model by phenol burn in second degreed. We selected 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats which weight 280±10 g. Then they were divided into 5 groups by random assignment. The dorsal skin of two sides were exposed to phenol in different time (5s.1min.2min.3min.5min), followed by 15min decontamination of water. We random clipped the burned skin of 3 rats after 24h each group, followed by HE staining, observing under microscopy. We fed the remainder rats and observed the wound everyday till the wounds were cured.2. We selected 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats which weight 280+10 g. Then they were divided into 4 groups by random assignment after dorsal hair removal.8% TBSA of dorsal skin were exposed to phenol in 2 minutes and then decontaminated by water in 15 minutes, we got the blood of every group of rats in 4h,6h,12h,18h, and detected the indicator of organs injury. To select The more effective decontamination strategy:1. We selected 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats which weight 280±10 g. Then they were divided into 4 groups by random assignment. The dorsal skin was exposed to phenol in 2 minutes after dorsal hair removal, followed by 15 minutes different decontamination methods (water,75% alcohol, PEG400, DIPHOTERINE). We random clipped the burned skin of 3 rats each group after 24h, followed by HE staining, observing under microscopy. The remainder rats were fed and observed everyday till the wounds were cured.2. We selected 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats which weight 280±10g. Then they were divided into 4 groups by random assignment after dorsal hair removal. These rats were exposed to phenol in 2 minutes and then decontaminated by water,75% alcohol, PEG400, DIPHOTERINE respective. We got the blood 6 hours later and detected the indicator of organs injury.Result:1. General SituationThe skin turned pale immediately after expose to phenol. The longer the skin expose to phenol the dimmer the wound was. After one day or less the wound turned to be brownish red; there were little differences among the decontamination applications after 2min exposed to phenol, the wounds were reddish brown, clear boundary. The larger area burned the more serious of the symptom was. The rats which were 8%BSA burned were convulsion in 30 minutes, first for the head and neck, slowly extend to the limbs and trunk. They were clear about in one hour, and leaving brown urine.2. HE Staining, Microscopy ObservationThe different time it was burned, the different depths it caused. The injury limited in the superficial dermis when the burn less than 1 minute. Part of sebaceous cell damage when the burns last over 1 minute. If the burns over 3 min, the vast majority of skin appendages damaged. The microscopy observations of the wounds were differences from the different decontamination methods. Part of the sebaceous cells in the DIPHOTERINE group were alive, but the others were not.3. Wound healing timeAs the burn prolonged, the time of wound healing increased. The wound would cured in one week when the burn in less 1 minute. If the burns over 2min, the wound would heal in more than one week. The healing time is similar among the different decontamination treatments, but the healing time of DIPHOTERINE was shorter than the water decontamination group (p<0..05)4. The indictors of organs injury(1) Serum total bilirubin:The level of total bilirubin in the DIPHOTERINE group was significantly decreased compared with the other group, statistically. The differences among the other decontamination groups were not statistically significant.(2) Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase:The level of alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase in the DIPHO-TERINE group was lower than the other groups. And, the difference between DIPHOTERINE group and water group was statistically significant.(3) Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase:in our result, the level of CK and LDH in 75% alchol and DIPHOTERINE group were lower than the others. And the difference between DIPHOTERINE group and water group was statistically significant.(4) Creatinine:The level of creatinine in the DIPHOTERINE group was significantly decreased compared with the other group, statistically.Conclusion:The 90% phenol could result the full-thickness necrosis if it expose to the skin, forming the superficial Ⅱ degree burns. The longer the phenol expose to skin, the deeper the burns will cause. Almost all the sebaceous cells were damaged when the phenol contact to skin in 2min. it was suitable for 2min contact as the model of II degree burns of phenol. The depth of burn and the degree of posion in DIPHOTERINE group was better than the others. The decontamination treatment by DIPHOTERINE was better than the others.