A Primary Analysis Of The Genome Health In Yunnan Population Determined By Buccal Mucosa Cytome Assay

The health status of the human genome which means the structure and function status of the genome DNA is extremely important to the human health. Genomic damage is probably the most important fundamental cause of developmental and degenerative diseases and cancer. The human buccal micronucleus cytome assay(BMCyt) which had assessment function of genetic damage, cell proliferation, and cell death could more deeply reflect the mechanism of genetic and cellular damage than the simple micronucleus assay. In BMcyt, Basal cell with the ability of division and binucleared cell formed by blocked cytokinesis are biomarkers of cell proliferation. Micronuclear and nuclear bud in normal differentiated cells are biomarkers of genetic damage. The nucleus shape such as pyknotic 、 condensed chromatin、karyorrhectic、karyolytic are all biomarkers of cell death.This study was aim to explore health status of the genome in Yunnan population by means of BMcyt and questionnaire survey. We recruited 380 healthy volunteers which contained 161 males and 219 females and aged from 18 to 66. Then, it could evaluate the level of genome health and its possible impact factors by analyzed the effect of samples’ information such as age, gender, weight, height, tobacco and alcohol intake and eating habits on different differentiation and the nucleus shape characteristic of buccal mucosa cells. And basic database of genome health in healthy population of Yunnan was established with the questionnaire and BMcyt. This study also proposed to simplify the analysis means of the human genome damage.The results showed that:(1) In the study population, the spontaneous frequency of basal cell was10.31‰±0.65, the spontaneous frequency of binucleated cell was 16.07‰±0.41. the spontaneous frequency of differentiated cells with micronucleus, nuclear bud,pyknotic, condensed chromatin, karyorrhectic, karyolytic was 5.47‰±0.42,2.01‰±0.14,8.56‰±0.78,10.0‰±0.42,32.37‰±1.45,22.74‰±1.03. Basal cells showed a negative correlation with age(r=- 0.287, p=0.000) and a negative correlation(r=-0.167, p=0.001) was also found between binucleated cells and age.Female had a significantly higher basal cell frequency than male(p<0.01), and female also had a slightly higher binucleated cell frequency than male(p>0.05). It suggested that the ability of cell proliferation in buccal mucosa weakened accordingly with the growth of age, and female had more stronger ability of cell proliferation than male.(2) Differentiated cells with micronuclei showed a positive correlation with age(r=0.244, p=0.000), but no significant correlation was found between differentiated cells with nuclear bud and age(r=-0.057, p=0.266). Female had a slightly higher micronuclear cell frequency(p>0.05) and a significantly higher frequency of differentiated cells with nuclear bud(p<0.01) than that of males. This suggested the genetic damage of buccal mucosa cells increased with the growth of age, and the genetic damage in female was higher than in male. A positive correlation(r=0.286,p=0.000) was found between pyknotic cell frequency and age. The frequencies of cells with pyknotic and karyorrhectic were significantly higher in male(p<0.05). This suggested cell death(or cellular damage) in buccal mucosa cells increased with the growth of age, and the cellular damage was much higher in male.(3) In overweight group(BMI ≧ 24), the frequency of basal cell was significantly reduced(p<0.01), and the frequency of cells with pyknotic increased significantly(p<0.01). In smoking group, the frequency of basal cell and binucleated cell significantly decreased(p<0.01), the frequencies of cells with condensed chromatin,karyorrhectic, and karyolytic increased significantly(p<0.05). In drinking group, the frequency of basal cell decreased significantly(p<0.05). Samples with consumption of fruits constantly had significantly higher frequency of basal cell(p<0.05) and binucleated cell(p<0.01).In summary, female in Yunnan had better health status of the genome than male,the level of genome health decreased with the growth of age, and bad habits such as smoking, drinking alcohol could weaken the proliferation of buccal mucosa cells,accelerate cell death and cause the trend of genetic damage. Fortunately, we can correct genome damage by the daily diets in order to maintain genome stability and remain a relatively healthy level.