Advances In The Diagnosis Of Early Laryngeal Carcinoma And Precancerous Laryngeal Lesions

The diagnosis of early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous laryngeal lesions can effectively guide treatment, which not only reduces the recurrence, metastasis, and even cures the cancer radically, but also decreases the patient’s surgical trauma and treatment costs to a certain extent,and makes an improvement on the survival and even the quality of life. In recent years, the approaches to diagnosis of early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions emerge in a divers ification and pluralis m. It mainly inc ludes the aspects of molecular diagnosis, imaging diagnosis, endoscopy diagnosis and so on, and these approaches mutually promote and penetrate. Molecular diagnosis mainly studies the markers associated with the tumor tumor, which can diagnose early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous laryngeal les ions in molecular level. It has a certain diagnostic value, but lacks of specificity. Molecular diagnosis is comprised of genes, proteins, LOH, ion channel, cytokines, enzymes etc. Imaging diagnosis technology applies the X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, positron emission tomography to the diagnosis of early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous laryngeal lesions, which can effectively understand the scope of disease invas ion and contribute to tumor staging, but have some deficienc ies in the diagnoses the superficial disease. In recent years, the endoscopy technology develops rapidly. Clinical observation of the laryngeal les ions commonly makes use of the indirect laryngoscope, direct laryngoscope, fiber laryngoscope, electronic laryngoscope, dynamic laryngoscope and other endoscopic examinations. Fluorescence endoscope and narrow band imaging are the two typical new technologies in the diagnosis of early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous laryngeal lesions with high sensitivity and specificity, which can make relatively accurate diagnosis for the local lesion, but could not understand the depth of infiltration and the distant metastasis of tumor. In addition, some new diagnostic techniques appears recently, such as LRS and SELDI- TOF- MS. In this paper, these diagnostic methods and research progress are discussed, it is wished that this paper can provide new conceptions and new techniques to clinical doctor for the diagnosis of early laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous laryngeal lesions.