A Preliminary Research On Longquan Celadon Unearthed In Northern China

In this thesis, I collected Longquan celadon excavated from northern regionalsites and studied in-depth on the types, characteristics, periods of them. I alsopreliminarily discussed the distribution and users of Longquan celadon in northernregion and input approach and route to get to northern region. There are four parts.The first part briefly introduced the discoveries of Longquan celadon excavated inthe northern region and made a review on previous studies.The second part focused on the types of Longquan celadon excavated in thenorthern regionThe third part mainly describes the periods and characteristics of Longquanceladon excavated in the northern region, and we divided them into four periods. Thefirst period was early Yuan Dynasty, A.D.1234~1307. In this period, Longquanceladon was found less, and the shape as well as adornment was relatively single;meanwhile, Jingdezhen misty blue wares were also found, followed by Jun glazeporcelain. The second period was the middle-late Yuan Dynasty period, A.D.1308~1368.Longquan celadon unearthed increased dramatically, with rich wares, a largepresence of big implements, varieties of adornment. Meantime, porcelains made bynorthern kilns accounted more. The third period was early-middle Ming Dynasty,A.D.1368-1521, a huge number of Longquan celadon was unearthed and theycentralized in several sites with varieties of types; in the same time engraved andmolded adornment technique were utilized more and often. Accompanied withLongquan celadon, Jingdezhen porcelains had an absolute advantage in number. Thefourth period was late Yuan Dynasty, A.D.1522-1644, unearthed Longquan celadondecreased greatly and ware types became simple but still utilizing molded and engraved adornment technique; Jingdezhen porcelains were still the primary in theaccompanied porcelains.The fourth part was discussion about the related problems. Firstly we analyzedthe distribution and users of Longquan celadon in northern region through combiningthe stage results. We can conclud that the distribution of Longquan celadon in northernregion changed with eras. In the early Yuan dynasty, apart from caches of pits inLueyang BaDu River, the rest were all located in the ruling centre areas of YuanDynasty; when in middle-late Yuan Dynasty, it extended throughout the north; when itcame to early-middle Ming Dynasty, it contracted greatly to the capital district onlybut expanded a little in the late Ming Dynasty. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Longquanceladon were used mainly for the upper class, after that, Longquan celadon werepopular in the populace.Secondly this thesis discussed about input approach and route of Longquanceladon in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. In the Yuan Dynasty there may be Longquanceladon specially supplied for the palace, and we speculated that most was imposed bylocal or pay tribute to the palace. In the Ming dynasty there were specific kilns toproduce porcelains to the palace according to pattern and number demands establishedby government. The rest of the Longquan celadon flowed into northern region bytrading through sea, river and land-carriage. In the Yuan Dynasty, Longquan celadontransported to northern parts mainly through sea and inland navigation, overlandfreight assistant. In the Ming Dynasty, sea transportation was controlled bygovernment, so southern porcelains accessed to northern markets ought to by inlandnavigation and overland freight combined together.In addition, the time issue of Langmaoshan family grave M1in Jinan was putforward in this thesis. According to the characteristics of Longquan celadon bowlunearthed, we considered that M1should be in the1340rather than1280.The last part was the conclusion.