The Study Of Modal Adverbs And Modal Words In "Xunzi"

Late Warring States period,the social change.On the basis of inheriting andcriticism, Xunzi, a comprehensive master, developed the Confucianism and wroteXunzi. Thesis of his article is distinct and the structure is rigorous. His reasoning ispenetrating and logical, and most of the writings are wrote by himself. Thesediscourses record the language features of the pre-Qin period and owe high degree ofcredibility. These articles provides valuable information to study language of thepre-Qin period for us. Xunzi plays a pivotal role in this period. Ancient Chinesefunctional problem has always caused considerable controversy. There are differentopinions on the internal division of function words, the relationship between moodand modal particle, the definition of modal adverbs and modal particles. Current studyabout modal function words in Xunzi is little, therefore, this paper makes a detailedrecord and description of the modal adverbs and modal particles.This paper concludes four parts. The first part is an introduction which introducesrelevant research literature and significance of the topic. The second part discussesand defines the related issues, meanwhile, it makes a summarize of the researchresults. The third part focus on modal adverbs usage and characteristics. The fourthpart describes the usage and characteristics of modal particle. In the part of appendix,this paper makes an index of all words which is convenient for discussion and search.This paper has29modal adverbs which concludes monosyllabic modality anddouble-syllabic modality. Words have two characteristics at the same time count asone word:19modal adverbs which contains rhetorical question mood,3modaladverbs which contains interrogative mood,7monosyllabic modality which meansmeasurement,4modal adverbs which contains surprising mood. Meanwhile, itconcludes12modal particles:3initial modal particles,2modal particles in the middleof sentence,10modal particles in the end of sentence and10modal particles whichused in succession.