The Spiritual Of The Scholar-officials Was Reflected By The Phenomenon Of "Sijian"in Ming Dynasty

In imperial times, emperor is the chief leadership of the state’s political,economic, military, and etc, his words and actions related to the rise and fall of thenational survival, therefore there must be some supervision and regulation for theirbehavior in the power structure to keep the Feudal state stability and development, butthe effect is mostly determined by the emperor’s qualities and willingness. In theMing and Qing Dynasty, the imperial power reached a peaked, and the personalqualities of the Emperor are quite different, so the restricted of the emperor is almostexhausted in the internal political system. The behaviors of Emperors had seriouslyaffected the normal order of the country. For the Sajik of the country, for the people’ssafety, courtiers willing to die for the expostulation to Emperor. Thus,“with themortal determination to persuade(Si Jian)” and dead for remonstrances phenomenonoccurs frequently in the Ming Dynasty, almost without interruption with everymonarch.The reasons of remonstrances were varied, the disputed of”Ceremony”: in theperiod of Chenghua Emperor, the disputed of the Emprss of Yingzong Emperor wasburied with Yingzong Emperor if or not, in the period of Jiajing Emperor, the disputedof the biological father and mother of the Jiajing Emperor, in the period of WanliEmperor, the disputed of the selection of the crown prince; To remonstrate emperor’sbehavior: remonstrated Wuzong Emperor not to have the Tour to Southern China,remonstrated Shizong Emperor not to have the Taoism advocating, remonstratedShenzong Emperor to depose the Tax collectors for the Mine and Business;Impeached the powerful ministers: in the period of Shizong Emperor, impeachedYansong, in the period of Shenzong Emperor, impeached Zhangjuzheng, in the periodof Chongzhen Emperor, impeached Zhouyanru and Wentiren; Resisted Eunuchs toabuse power: in the period of Yingzong Emperor, resisted Wangzhen, in the period ofWuzong Emperor, resisted Liujin, in the period of Xizong Emperor, resistedWeizhongxian. Not only that, Rutaisu in the period of Taizu Emperor, Lishimian,“Qingtian of the Ming Dynasty” Hairui, Luoyuren and etc, they are leaving a legacyfor loyal remonstrance in the Ming Dynasty.“Si Jian” is a invitable model for interaction between the monarch and hissubjects, had emerged long ago. But there is such a large scale, so many times untilMing Dynasty, is warrants examination. The phenomenon of”Si Jian” are both thepolitical and economic reasons external: the development of the Suggestion and Criticism System had a new stages in the Ming Dynasty; the new economic factorshad also spawned a massive of this political phenomenon; in addition, the educationfor crown prince was lack of systematic of Ming Dynasty, led to a lack of emperorquality of most monarchs, perverseness acts; moreover, in the high pressure of thepolitical atmosphere, officials extremely respected this way of expostulation, these allare the reasons which led to have a large scale of the phenomenon of “Si Jian” inMing Dynasty.But the root cause of this behavior is the spiritual pursuits within the scholar–officials. Since Zhuxi transformed the Confucianism, Confucian ideology openlyentered the thought word of the students, the propositions of Confucianism: the moralorder as Tianxiaweigong, supported country for people, Renyi and Chung Hsiao, theCeremony, the values of Ceremony, Humanitarian, monarch had obeyed the principle,were all implanted into the students’ minds by the process of seeking fame and wealth,so, they must make monarch get close to the Confucian, and maintain the Confucianas orthodoxy. Though the scholar-officials had entered into officialdom, they weresqueezed by the forces in the imperia system, so there were no spaces to displaythemselves. In order to achieve the political ideal, they constantly rose up against.They had to get the emperor’s attention, to fight for the orthodox status with the“illegal” cabinet, to fight against the eunuch who dependent the imperial power, tosafeguard their political ideals. In monarchy era, monarch controlled all the powers ofthe state, but in order to reduce the bad influence with the rule formulated by oneperson, there must be a balance of powers in the political system. In addition, by theinfluence of the concept of Home Our Country, monarch ie national, so, MonarchicalLoyalties ie patriotic.“Si Jian” was an extreme way for courtiers to fight withmonarchs, it had been divergent views, there is a personal views to make a simpleanalysis of the “fame” as the end of the whole chapter.