The Analysis Of The Partition Of Chongming And Qidong At The End Of Qing And The Beginning Of The Republic Of China

Chongming to carry in the Yangtze river as the impact of sediment into the island,initially formed a lot of homeless people in jiangsu and zhejiang area, the land is oftentaken up, thus the tax system has formed its own characteristics, since the yuan and Ming,for once rose out of the sand, which are set in the local line (the Ming dynasty hongwuperiod, chongming county is divided into six areas, six areas including one hundred andten figure, each figure10, one hundred and ten, has a long one, each figure per a year,called a year, which is called the row) sand property ownership in all, in the local bothenjoys the right of distribution of sand, and have the duty to undertake the service, morefor sand in chongming chongming area sand land ownership (that is, the chongmingisland) operators (the landlord) knowledge, and since the Ming dynasty, in order toreduce the local taxation, south zhili governor Zhou Chen in chongming tax systemreform, implementation of tax quota system, with chongming area to rise more and moresand, chongming operators actual taxation of also more and more light.Qidong is calledoutside sand belonged to Chongming in the past.Since the Yongzheng year it began torise on the attribution of Chongming county jurisdiction.According to Chongming county:“rose is shifting,collapse unless the grain,three years to one,running water is thebound”the Tianzhi system regulation,outside sand area is belonged to the local row tubeindustry since it rose.At first,the people living in the outside sand is tenants who is hiredby the inner sand landlord and it’s sparsely populated.After the Opium War in1842,withthe opening up of Shanghai,Shanghai’s economic market circle is formed,the business inthe outside sand obtained a very fast development.The district of outside sand has beenfurther development.With the enhancement of economic strength in the outside sand,thevoice of partition in the outside sand began to react in the official.At the same time,withlarge population moving into the outside sand,there’s large change in the populationstructure and social class,the new merchant class’s economic strength is more and morestrong,and they gradually become the local gentry,their pursuit of interest in outside sandis more and more strong.After opening up of local autonomy in the end of Qing Dynasty,the gentry in outside sand proposed the partition formally,the gentry in both sideforcus on the two sides that is the rights of sandy earth and public property,launched thestruggle of18years,finally completed in1928.The paper is from the localdevelopment,commercial development,the rise of town,the change of populationstructure,local autonomy and state and local taxes system these points to discuss thepartition of Chongming and Qidong and the deep-seated reasons of this partition.