The Research On Aspects In Linying Dialect

Linying dialect is the Nanlu section of central China mandarin. At present, the research on Linying dialect grammar is close to zero. This article collects a large number of language materials on the basis of fieldwork, making a careful and in-depth investigation on the aspect of Linying dialect. And by comparing Linying dialect with mandarin, it aims at specifically reflecting and analyzing the grammatical meaning, function and distribution of the aspect marks in Linying dialect. Synchronic and Diachronic comparison is made on the evolution of important aspect marks, different expression ways of the same aspect and the use of same grammar to express different aspect connotations.First, with the help of pronunciation partner, the author makes a detailed description on the phonetic system, pronunciation features and homophones in Linying dialect based on the dialect word table of CASS.Second, the observation and analysis of substantial language materials leads to the conclusion that Linying dialect has following aspects:perfect aspect, achieved aspect, initial aspect, experience aspect, progressive aspect, continuous aspect, transitory aspect, tentative aspect etc.Third, a detailed description on the Aspectual markers of each aspect type is given. The analysis focuses on comparatively special ones such as the perfect aspect, achieved aspect and initial aspect of Linying dialect while others are less evaluated that are similar with mandarin. Through analysis and comparison, it’s concluded that the aspectual meaning of Linying dialect can be expressed by means of both grammar and vocabulary. The former way mainly involves two forms of overlapping and attaching. In Linying dialect, the means of perfect aspect is mainly expressed by attaching auxiliaries such as "了1[·l(?)]""了2[·liau]","起[tchi44]","[·ciae]","过1[ku(?)31]","罢[pA31]" after the predicate. The achieved aspect is mainly realized by attaching following two-pronounciation auxiliaries "了3[·l(?)]","了4[·liau]" at the end of a simple sentence or the first clause of a complex sentence. The means of initiation aspect is expressed by attaching auxiliaries like "开[·khε]","上[·saη]" or "起H[·tchiε]" which is a joint pronounciaction of "qilai" after the predicate. The experience aspect, same with mandarin, has auxiliary "过2[·ku(?)]" after the predicate. The progressive aspect is expressed by attaching adverbial components "正[ts(?)24]":"搁这儿/那儿" and auxiliaries "着1[·tsu(?)]"."哩" simultaneously. The continuous aspect is expressed by attaching "着2[·tsu(?)]" after the predicate. The transitory aspect is expressed by attaching "一+下儿[·ciar]/会儿[·xu(?)r]" after verb or verb reduplication. The tentative aspect is expressed by attaching "一+下儿[·ciar]" after verb or verb reduplication, and at the same time it could attach "试试" to highlight the tentative nuisance.Finally a summary is made. Both perfect aspect and achieved aspect of Linying dialect have two means of expression, realized by two "了" that are different in pronunciation. The two means can be actuality or fabulosity. Moreover, the syntactic layout is complementary while neatly paralleled, this is undiscovered, not emphasized,or yet to be discovered in other dialects.